Architecture, Building and Planning Term Paper Writing Guidelines

Engineering, Building and Planning Term Paper Writing Guidelines You can deliver a preeminent quality engineering research paper with appropriate arranging. Above all else, you need to settle on an intriguing and testing theme, at that point locate a particular edge and a decent proposition proclamation for the picked topic. Next, make a point to take care of your thoughts in an unmistakable and compact blueprint. Begin composing. When you’re finished with the main draft, don’t neglect to update and edit your piece until you are 100% happy with the thoughts, considerations and their appearance inside the content. In the accompanying segments of this engineering research paper control, we will talk about thus every one of the issues referenced previously. The Topic: How to Choose the Best One Is it true that you are uncertain what subject would turn into the best fit for your engineering research project? It’s time to direct some exploration. Consider the themes identified with engineering territory and single out a few that you locate the most alluring. Plus, you can invest some energy looking for the articles in engineering magazines or papers so as to discover what issues get the greatest buzz in the design world today. Simultaneously, guarantee to remember the length of your research paper and give a valiant effort to choose the subject that you can investigate in detail without delivering pretty much nothing or an excessive amount of exposition. Avoid the issues that have been as of now done to death. Give your inclination to something new and marginally investigated or something well known and afterward research the subject from a totally alternate point of view. The point here is that a significant, shrewd and dazzling theme will inspire you to begin as quickly as time permits and will make it simpler to gather supporting proof. What's more, here are a couple of proposals: What Are the Types of Architecture that Are Established According to the Needs of Its Different Institutions? Vernacular Architecture and Its Straightforwardly Utilitarian Design; The Impact of Globalization on Architecture and Architectural Ethics; Utilizing Recent Architecture Innovations: What Is the Downside of Architecture Inventions in Modern World? Do Digital Tools Make Architects Less/More Productive at Studying or Work? Wild Imagination in the Field of Architecture: Should be There Any Limits? The Peculiarities Of Light As a Quality in Architecture; Has The Modern Architecture Changed the Way People Live? The Impact of Globalization on Contemporary Architecture. The Importance of a Thesis Statement for Architecture Term Paper In the event that you happen to pick the theme that is very expansive, make sure to limit it down at this point. A compelling design research project should take a specific point on an increasingly broad subject or spread just a single part of it. It’s important to summarize your theme into a solitary sentence for example the proposal proclamation. Form your proposition explanation with due consideration since it’s the trickiest part to deliver. As indicated by the manual gave by The Tutoring Center Bucks County Community College, the proposal sets the general purpose of your research project. Art it as per the sort of the venture you’re alloted with. Indeed few out of every odd research project instructs, and only one out of every odd research paper convinces. The key objective of your design research paper will assist you with tailoring the best postulation explanation. Explanatory: This kind of research paper separates a mind boggling subject so as to all the more likely research and get one. For example: â€Å"The kinds of engineering rely on social arrangements and might be characterized as per the job of the supporter in the community.† Informative: The research paper of this sort represents or shows a specific point. For example: â€Å"The most great landmarks are the supposed stÃ¥ «pas that are of huge measure and have extensive vestige however normally remade all through the centuries.† Factious: The design research project of a contentious sort makes a case, or supports a perspective, to change the assessments of the others. For example: â€Å"Even however contemporary engineering hadn’t permitted the outflow of contentions of capacity between different spaces, in deconstruction, it grants converging calculated bars and conflict of different functionless spaces.† Locate a decent spot for a proposition articulation. Considering the job that the postulation plays, it ought to be put toward the start of the research project, for the most part toward the finish of the main section. Despite the fact that a large number of your perusers may hope to see the theory articulation some place toward the finish of the initial passage, the real area relies upon a scope of elements like the length of the introduction or the research paper itself. Instructions to Prepare an Impressive Introduction A presentation of the design research paper gives a general audit of your venture, just as incorporates a few marginally various issues from the theoretical. It presents the point and sets one of every a more extensive setting, narrowing the theme down to a specific exploration issue, speculation and proposal. A total presentation clarifies how the writer is going to deal with the examination issue, just as gives the insights to make the objective perusers need to understand increasingly more of your work. Don't hesitate to present the engineering point through a citation, a verifiable certainty or a tale. When dealing with engineering or science research project, you can discover many approaches to begin your introduction and declare the theme. An illustrative citation or tale can produce enthusiasm for your extend and show a connecting with author’s style. Silliness is an extraordinary method to snare your crowd. On the off chance that you utilize an engaging citation, guarantee it’s short and applicable for your exploration. In the event that you take a shot at â€Å"The Development of Architecture Design in the twentieth Century†, referencing the accompanying words would be acceptable: â€Å"Good configuration is tied in with causing different creators to feel like nitwits in light of the fact that the thought wasnt theirs.† (Frank Chimero) or A specialist can cover his errors yet an engineer can just encourage his customers to plant vines.† (Frank Lloyd Wright). Like in a large number of Hollywood motion pictures, the primary undertaking in this segment is to set the underlying scene. This will furnish your design research paper with a unique circumstance, just as empower your perusers to perceive how this paper is applicable to the past exploration in the region. The presentation can be founded on a chronicled story. You can sequentially diagram the absolute first exploration acted in the field and step by step continue to the current day. For example, the main distinguished designer in history was Imhotep, who lived in 2600 BCE in Egypt. The most punctual engineering things in Greece, China or Egypt were the primary structures that permitted us to redistribute and store our insight. Concerning the new investigation explores, notice Carmel Place the small scale unit high rise gave by â€Å"nArchitects† (New York City), where the exemplary New York high rise is prudently joined with the space like rental lofts look. Assume that your research project is focused on the perusers, who can flaunt having a strong working information on your specific control. For example, a research paper on the formation of the open floor plan-structuring rooms that stream and open out into one another Frank Lloyd Wright added to needs not broadly expound on the most popular modeler in the U.S. It’s accepted your objective perusers are now mindful of his connections and convictions. The Body of an Architecture Term Paper Despite the fact that it might sound very silly, creating your presentation initially might be more diligently than beginning with the focal piece of your paper. In the event that you start your design venture by composing the primary concerns so as to back up your proposal explanation, you’ll have the option to somewhat change and supplant your thoughts and realities. Guarantee to help each proposal articulation you make with solid proof. Considering the way that you’re taking a shot at a research paper now, there ought not be any issues that you give that can't be upheld by the focuses straightforwardly from your examination. In the event that you advise your perusers on the way that â€Å"In the USA, late eighteenth century engineering and mid nineteenth century building structures were normally founded on Greek and Roman architecture† or that â€Å"A awesome case of iron-and-glass development is the notable Henri Labrouste’s nine-domed perusing room that is situated at the Bibliothã ¨que Nationale, in Paris†, it’s critical to help the cases with the realities gave by the believed explores like â€Å"Late eighteenth Century Architecture† and â€Å"Henri Labrouste and the Lure of the Real† individually. Avoid utilizing many direct statements that are excessively long. No ifs, ands or buts, your research project depends on a top to bottom examination; in any case, your undertaking here is to give your own thoughts. Except if the statement you incorporate is 100% fundamental, summarize and break down it utilizing your own words. Not certain the body of your paper is capable? On the off chance that truly, guarantee to seclude the principal sentence of each section. Together, they should seem like a total rundown of consistently organized proof. Ace the Secret of an Effective Conclusion with Architecture Term Paper Tips from Our Experts What is the finish of a design research paper? Indeed, it’s one of the vital minutes in the task of the sort, achieved in progress of its creation. As a matter of first importance, you need to draw an equal between the presentation and the end. These two fragments must be interconnected. Start with the legitimization of importance and continue to the argumentation of the examination objective, the accomplishment of which was the aftereffect of the research paper. Having depicted the issues you have settled and the objectives you’ve accomplished, change your regard for the outcomes

There is still considerable merit in adopting essentially a boosterism Essay

There is as yet extensive legitimacy in receiving basically a boosterism way to deal with the travel industry arranging. Talk about - Essay Example As a rule, boosterism is frequently viewed as a negative part of the travel industry advancement on the grounds that not all data that is given concerning different goals may essentially end up being valid. Regardless of this being the situation, it is important to utilize it to pull in potential voyagers on the grounds that the last regularly need to see life or spots, which are not quite the same as their own. In this manner, while boosterism is now and then found in a negative light, it is a basic piece of the travel industry arranging since it carries already darken zones into the spotlight. Probably the greatest worry of travelers before they visit any nation is regularly political steadiness and this is a direct result of their need to ensure their own security. In the cutting edge world, with the probability in the episodes of psychological oppressor exercises, numerous potential travelers have gotten disheartened from visiting certain pieces of the world. It is therefore that a few nations, particularly those liable to be influenced, have come to receive boosterism to ensure that they stay alluring goals for sightseers. Moreover, this sort of advancement makes conceivable the improvement of compelling wanting to guarantee that the security of vacationers is ensured under all conditions (Dredge and Jenkins, 2006, 29). Accordingly, utilizing boosterism, nations can make a picture of themselves where their political circumstance is seen as being among the most steady on the planet and it is thus that they come to be considered as intriguing spots for voyagers to visit. Moreover, there has been an acknowledgment that numerous people will in general maintain a strategic distance from those nations whose equitable qualifications are sketchy in light of the fact that they accept that to visit those nations is by implication bolster their imperious governments (Burns, 1999). On account of such observations, most governments, particularly

Priming and the Psychology of Memory

Priming and the Psychology of Memory Theories Behavioral Psychology Print Priming and the Psychology of Memory By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on September 11, 2018 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 21, 2020 Verywell / Hilary Allison More in Theories Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand What Is Priming? Types Process Real-World Impact View All Back To Top In psychology, priming is a technique in which the introduction of one stimulus influences how people respond to a subsequent stimulus. Priming works by activating an association or representation in memory just before another stimulus or task is introduced. This phenomenon occurs without our conscious awareness, yet it can have a major impact on numerous aspects of our everyday lives. What Is Priming? There are many different examples of how this priming works. For example, exposing someone to the word yellow will evoke a faster response to the word banana than it would to unrelated words like television. Because yellow and banana are more closely linked in memory, people respond faster when the second word is presented. Priming can work with stimuli that are related in a variety of ways. For example, priming effects can occur with perceptually, linguistically, or conceptually related stimuli. Priming can have promising real-world applications as a learning and study aid as well. Priming is named a such to evoke the imagery of a water well being primed. Once the well has been primed, water can then be subsequently produced whenever it is turned on. Once the information has been primed in memory, it can be retrieved into awareness more readily.?? Types of Priming There are several different types of priming in psychology. Each one works in a specific way and may have different effects. Positive and negative priming describes how priming influences processing speed. Positive priming makes processing faster and speeds up memory retrieval, while negative priming slows it down.Semantic priming involves words that are associated in a logical or linguistic way.?? The earlier example of responding to the word banana more rapidly after being primed with the word yellow is an example of semantic priming.Associative priming involves using two stimuli that are normally associated with one another. For example, cat and mouse are two words that are often linked with one another in memory, so the appearance of one of the words can prime the subject to respond more rapidly when the second word appears.Repetition priming occurs when a stimulus and response are repeatedly paired. Because of this, subjects become more likely to respond in a certain way more quickly each time the stimulus appears.Perceptual priming involves stimuli that have similar forms. For example, the word goat will evoke a faster response when it is preceded by the word boat because the two words are perceptually similar.??Conceptual priming involves a stimulus and response that are conceptually related. Words such as desk and chair are likely to show priming effects because they are in the same conceptual category.Masked priming involves part of the initial stimulus being obscured in some way, such as with hash marks. Even though the entire stimulus is not visible, it still evokes a response. Words in which certain letters are obscured are one example of masked priming. The Priming Process Psychologists believe that units (or schemas) of information are stored in long-term memory. ?? The activation of these schemas can either be increased or decreased in a variety of ways. When the activation of certain units of information is increased, these memories become easier to access. When activation is decreased, the information becomes less likely to be retrieved from memory. Priming suggests that certain schemas tend to be activated in unison. By activating some units of information, related or connected units also become active. So why would it be useful for related schemas to become activated and more accessible? In many instances, being able to draw related information into memory more quickly might help people respond faster when the need arises. For example, schemas related to rainstorms and slick roads may be linked closely in memory. When you see that it is raining, memories about possible slick road conditions may also come to mind as well. Because your mind has been primed to think of this information, you might be better able to think quickly and react rapidly when you encounter a dangerous, wet stretch of road on your drive home from work. Real-World Impact Priming has been observed in a variety of ways in psychology research labs, but what impact does it really have in the real world? Priming Can Influence How You Perceive the World The recent Yanny/Laurel viral phenomenon is one example of how priming can influence how you perceive information. An ambiguous sound sample was uploaded by an online user with a poll asking what people heard. Some people distinctly heard Yanny, while others clearly heard Laurel. Some people even reported being able to switch back and forth between which words they heard.?? Due to the aural ambiguity, psychologists suggest that people rely on priming effects to help determine what they are more likely to hear. Research suggests that we do not hear by analyzing the frequencies of the noises that enter our ears and then determining the words that these frequencies form. Instead, we utilize what is known as top-down processing.?? Our brains first recognize some sounds like speech. Then, our brains utilize context cues to interpret the meaning of these speech sounds. Top-Down Processing and Perception This can help explain why people often misinterpret song lyrics. When the sound is ambiguous, your brain fills in the missing information as best it can. Priming effects can then come into play. If you are primed to interpret a lyric in a particular way, you will be more likely to hear it in a certain way based upon that priming. When it comes to hearing either Yanny or Laurel, just being aware of the nature of the viral audio clip primes you to hear it as one or the other. The fact that people who heard the clip were already expecting to hear either Yanny or Laurel primed them to hear either of those two words and not some other word entirely. In this case, factors related to sound quality and hearing ability also played a role. Younger people with less age-related hearing damage were more likely to hear Yanny because their ears are better able to detect higher frequency sounds. Those who heard Laurel tended to only hear lower-frequency sounds. Priming Can Influence Your Behavior in Subtle Ways In one study, researchers implicitly primed participants with words commonly associated with stereotypes about elderly people. Upon leaving the testing booth, people who had been primed with words related to older adults were more likely to walk more slowly than participants who had not been primed. One study published in the journal Aging and Mental Health found that priming participants with negative aging stereotypes resulted in more negative effects on behaviors and self-rated evaluations.?? Priming participants with these negative aging stereotypes led to increased feelings of loneliness and an increased frequency in help-seeking. In other words, bringing to mind stereotypes about elderly people being lonely and helpless actually led to people feeling lonelier and acting more helpless. Researchers suggest that being exposed to such age-related stereotypes may lead to increased dependency and lower self-evaluations of ability and functioning in older people. Priming Can Be Used as an Educational Tool Teachers and educators can also utilize priming as a learning tool.?? Some students perform better when they know what they can expect. Tackling new material can sometimes be intimidating, but priming students by presenting information before a lesson is given can help. Priming is often used as an educational intervention for students with certain learning disabilities. New material is presented before it is taught, allowing the student to become comfortable with it. For example, students might be allowed to preview the books or materials that are going to be used as part of a lesson. Because they are already familiar with the information and materials, they may be better able to pay attention during the actual lesson. A Word From Verywell While priming takes place outside of conscious awareness, this psychological phenomenon can play an important role in your daily life. From influencing how you interpret information to affecting your behavior, priming can play a part in your perceptions, emotions, and actions. What Is Classical Conditioning and How Does It Work?

The Death Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare - 906 Words

Imagery is an integral part of literature. The protagonist, Hamlet, his mother Queen Gertrude and her husband King Claudius, along with Hamlet’s love interest Ophelia are all affected by human sin through the evocation of sickness and rot. Sin, the driving force of the play, impacts each character, decaying his or her mind, resulting in the emotional and physical demise of each character and the decay of the state of Denmark, which has become â€Å"rotten† after Claudius poisons his own brother and weds his sister-in-law. William Shakespeare’s tragic play Hamlet has explicit imagery evoking sickness, death, and decay. The use of death, rot, and sickness as images illustrate the sinful human nature of the characters and the corruption of Denmark. Death as an image in Hamlet is used to present both the effects of sinning on Hamlet and Denmark’s corruption. In the opening act, Hamlet speaks to Claudius and Gertrude regarding his melancholy attitude due to his father’s murder (which was committed by Claudius); when the King and Queen leave, Hamlet says in an aside that he wishes that God had not made suicide a sin. During his speech, Hamlet says that he wishes his â€Å"too sullied flesh would melt† meaning he wishes he could kill himself to get rid of his depression (1.2.133-134). This imagery of melting flesh is a representation of death that shows Hamlet’s pain. In addition, death imagery is seen during Laertes’s speech to Ophelia regarding his concerns about Hamlet’s intentions.Show MoreRelatedThe Death Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare1427 Words   |  6 Pagesa ghost, Denmark is on the verge of damage. Directly following King Hamlet s death, the widowed Queen, Gertrude, remarried Claudius, the King s brother. Prince Hamlet optically discerns the joining together of his mother and uncle as a hasty and incestuous act (Charles Boyce, 232). He then ascertains that Claudius is responsible for his fathe r s perfidious murder. His father s ghost asks Hamlet to avenge his death and Hamlet concurs. He plans very punctiliously, ascertaining that he doesn tRead MoreThe Death Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare Essay2134 Words   |  9 Pagesin return for a wrong; returning evil for evil, vengeance† (Webster Dictionary). This play introduces Hamlet, a prince who goes on the quest to take revenge on his uncle who killed his father and Hamlet won’t rest on until he gives his uncle the punishment for killing the king. But this quest for him to get his revenges has some consequences that could lead to many deaths including himself. Hamlet thirst for revenge clouds his judgements, which leads to drastic consequences. The feeling of revengeRead MoreThe Death Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare1522 Words   |  7 PagesThere are only a handful of experiences that everyone must practice, and one of the most provocative is death. For some, death is fearfully avoided, but for others, it is constantly sought after. Suicide is a topic that impacts all kinds of people, so much so that it is often addressed in literature. For real people and fictional characters such as Shakespeare’s Hamlet, prince of Denmark, thoughts of self-harm are brought about by overwhelming emotions that became almost too heavy to handle aloneRead MoreThe Death Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare1494 Words   |  6 Pageshappen to them. A prime example of this ideology is found in the play Hamlet. Hamlet, written by William Shakespeare, was composed in 1601 following the death of Shakespeare’s son, Hamlet. The play focuses on the prince of Denmark, Hamlet, as he discovers the truth about his father s death and the ev ents that follow. Shortly after the death of Hamlet’s father, Gertrude, Hamlet’s mother, marries Hamlet’s uncle, Claudius. Hamlet does not agree with the marriage of his mother and his uncle and he frequentlyRead More Death and Suicide in Hamlet by William Shakespeare1100 Words   |  5 Pages is one of the top leading causes of death worldwide. Every year, more than a million people commit suicide, successfully ending whatever feelings of despair, pressure, or suffering they felt when alive. Yet statistics show that the number of nonfatal suicide attempts exceeds that of actual completed suicides. Failed attempts of taking one’s own life reveal the deep, undermining uncertainties humans have about death. Such inquiries as to whether life or death is better stream into human perceptionRead MoreThe Death Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare1325 Words   |  6 PagesDeath is the Key One rotten apple spoils the whole barrel. This saying means that one awful person or event can infect others and cause them to change also. This can be seen in Hamlet, when King Hamlet dies in the beginning of the play. Hamlet, like any other Shakespearean tradgedy, contains a series betrayal and death. Hamlet seeks revenge when his deceased father’s ghost tells him that his uncle, Claudius, murdered him. Since Hamlet’s grief for his father was expressed more than any other characterRead MoreDeath Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare1114 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout Shakespeare’s Hamlet, the theme of death is thoroughly expressed through symbolism. Death, a primary element in Hamlet, taunts and dances around the characters preceding the death of Hamlet’s father. The symbols representing death become increasingly more prominent as the play progresses, they appear in both ironic and bold forms. The enigma that death poses drives key points in the plot of the play. Collectively, the symbols of death in Hamlet provoke and foreshadow this essential tragicRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet - Hamlet s Death1177 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s Hamlet has a multitude of not only characters, but also many different character scenarios going on as well. The play begins with us learning of the death of Hamlet’s father, King Hamlet, and the marriage of Hamlet’s mother, Gertrude, to her now ex brother-in-law Claudius. We later discover that the now king, Claudius, killed his brother and are left to question if he and Gertrude had been having an affair the entire time and whether Gertrude had a hand in King Hamlet’s deathRead MoreDeath in William Shakespeare ´s Hamlet Essay585 Words   |  3 PagesIn the play Hamlet by William Shakespeare, Hamlet struggles with the abrupt death of his father at the hands of his uncle. It is in the very beginning of the play that Hamlet voices his opinion that death woul d be a peaceful release. But as the play progresses his attitude begins to slowly doubt the serenity in death. Hamlet had been surrounded by death but had yet to come face to face with it, escaping the lessons the world was trying to teach him. It is within Act 5 scene 1 that Hamlet has a directRead MoreThe Theme Of Death In Hamlet By William Shakespeare925 Words   |  4 PagesDeath can be defined as; the permanent and irreversible cessation of the vital functions that result in the end of one’s life. Death itself can have many different causes such as disease, old age or even something as gruesome as murder. In the Elizabethan era, it seems as though murder was commonly used to solve problems as in several of William Shakespeares plays, characters are killed so that more dominant characters can obtain what they truly desire. In William Shakespeare’s tragedy Hamlet death

Death of a Salesman Willy Loman Essay - 681 Words

Willy Loman: Failure of a Man In Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman, Willy Loman is an example of a failure as a good father. He did not discipline his sons well by not punishing them. He did not set a good example to his sons by not admitting his faults. He did not make his family his number one priority. Instead, it was his work, coming before his family, his friends, and even himself. Not only is Willy Loman not a good father and husband, but he was a failure by not becoming successful, not achieving the American Dream. Willy is not a good father for many reasons. He made his occupation his number one priority. For years, he traveled for his work many times that he never had the opportunity to truly get to know his own sons. As a†¦show more content†¦Finally, Willy failed greatly at achieving the American Dream. People have come to the United States hoping for a life of happiness and success, at the same time, hoping to take pride in what they do and enjoy it. Willy did not achieve the American Dream. He had no pride in what he did, although he hid these emotions. I believe he was so embarrassed because he could not make a single sale or earn a single dollar that he began borrowing fifty dollars a week from Charley, and then pretended it was his salary. He lied to his family and to himself. He did not allow himself to do what he truly wanted to do because he believed that it was more remarkable to be supposedly successful. He therefore failed miserably at the true American Dream, exchanging it for an unattainable fantasy. Willy Loman was a failure as a family man who never achieved the American Dream. His life is an example of a true downfall, which affects all of those close to him. By living in an illusion, Willy guaranteed that he would be unable to achieve all that he thought he should. As a result, his death is the final confirmation of his failed life. Truly, success could never be achieved in his life, even if he had made plenty of sales. By giving up his dreams and true desires, Willy Loman died long before he crashed his car, and that led him to become every bit the failure that he willShow MoreRelatedDeath Of A Salesman By Willy Loman860 Words   |  4 Pagesend up worth more dead than alive.† This is said by Willy Loman in Act 2 of the play â€Å"Death of a Salesman.† Willy is a 63-year-old man who has been a salesman for 34 years working for the same company. As he ages, his sales decrease due to his lack of strength and pep. The opening quote is Willy reflecting on his worth lessness of all the years that he spent working. Once Willy gets fired he feels as though he has nothing left. This is not how Willy pictured his life and this ends up alienating himRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman By Willy Loman1683 Words   |  7 PagesBefore even beginning to read ‘Death of a Salesman’, we know what the play is going to be about from the given title. However, this play is much more than just a death of a salesman, it’s about the death of the promise of the American Dream. At heart, it’s about the protagonist’s desire for success, respect, and status — and failure to achieve it. The play opens with a huge chunk of precise stage directions, immersing the reader in a vivid description of the Loman house and its surrounding areaRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman By Willy Loman1076 Words   |  5 PagesThis modernized tragedy, Death of a Salesman, illustrated the last days of life for poor Willy Loman. Realistic dramas, emotionally, physiologically, and spiritually, this action-filled play occurred in the present. When the play goes back into the past, it makes the audience feel as if they have drifted into the past, almost like a dream. In some of the scenes, Biff and Happy appeared as if they are in high school, but only their father, Willy, can see them. This method is often referred to as usingRead MoreIs Willy Loman a Tragic Hero in Death of Salesman1305 Words   |  6 PagesWilly Loman’s character in Death of a Salesman portrays him as a tragic hero. Willy Loman continued to want his recognition and his reputation but never forgets about his family. The se characteristics describe him as a tragic hero in Death of a Salesman. Willy Loman’s tragic flow leads him to purse the idea that reputation in society has more relevancies in life than knowledge and education to survive in the business. His grand error of wanting recognition drove him crazy and insane and lead toRead MoreCompare And Contrast Death Of A Salesman And Willy Loman1377 Words   |  6 Pages The Death of a Salesman written by Arthur Miller. A book about an old man whose occupation is a salesman. The story takes place in Brooklyn Manhattan, in a nice quite neighborhood and the main protagonists is named Willy Loman. Willy Loman main goal in life was to succeed and make a name for himself but since he didn’t achieve it, he passed on that dream to his two sons. From Willy Loman point of view his second son did make a named out of himself but for his first son, that dream of success didn’tRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Willy Loman In Death Of A Salesman838 Words   |  4 PagesWilly Loman from â€Å"Death of a Salesmanâ €  by Arthur Miller is a tragic hero. A tragic hero is someone who has a judgement error and inevitably ends up destroying himself. Miller believes that the common man makes the best tragic hero as we want to be seen as a image and or not be thrown away. That fear, which he believes is very strong today, is what makes us the best tragic hero. I would take the stance that Willy Loman is a tragic hero. Willy starts to show signs of flaw of judgement, reversal ofRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between Willy Loman And Death Of A Salesman1112 Words   |  5 PagesWilson and Death of a Salesman was written by Arthur Miller are two plays that can be considered different in terms of their plot. Both plays have two very different cultural backgrounds. The background affects each protagonist therefore differently. However, there are also similarities beyond the plot. Despite the different backgrounds of each protagonist or main characters, they are both trying to achieve their dre ams. They both fail ironically in similar ways .Willy Loman in the death of a salesmanRead More Willy Loman as Tragic Hero of Death of a Salesman Essay1519 Words   |  7 PagesWilly Loman as Tragic Hero of Death of a Salesman       Willy Loman, the title character of the play, Death of Salesman, exhibits all the characteristics of a modern tragic hero. This essay will support this thesis by drawing on examples from Medea by Euripedes, Poetics by Aristotle, Oedipus Rex by Sophocles, and Shakespeares Julius Caesar, while comments by Moss, Gordon, and Nourse reinforce the thesis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Death of Salesman, by Arthur Miller, fits the characteristics of classicRead MoreEssay Death of a Salesman, Tragic Hero. Willy Loman.1503 Words   |  7 PagesTo what extent can Willy Loman be considered a tragic hero according to Aristotle’s rules? Arthur Miller presents his play ‘Death of a Salesman’ in the ancient form of a tragedy. Aristotle has defined his idea of the ‘perfect’ tragedy in his text, ‘Poetics’ (350 BC).Here he suggests that the protagonist must fall from an elevated social standing as a result of a â€Å"fatal flaw† within the character; the fall from the main character creates resolution to the play which is seen as just; finally, AristotleRead More Willy Loman as Coward in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman876 Words   |  4 PagesWilly Loman as Coward in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman Everybody feels the penetrating presence of fear throughout life. However, people’s reactions to this fear separate the brave souls from the cowards. Mark Twain once said, Courage is resistance to fear; mastery of fear, not absence of fear (Twain 6). In Arthur Miller’s play Death of a Salesman, Willy Loman fears rejection by his son, Biff, and the business world. His fears master him, creating in him a fantasy world of life as it

Comparison between FAIR and AIM Free Essays

Fairness and Accuracy In Reporting (FAIR) and Accuracy In Media (AIM), are two of the most active media watch groups, who seeks to influence and encourage members of the media to deliver fair and objective information to the people, without injecting biases and personal opinions. FAIR considers themselves as a national media watch group who â€Å"offers well-documented criticism of media bias and censorship† ever since they started with the cause in 1986 (F.A. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison between FAIR and AIM or any similar topic only for you Order Now I.R., 2007). On the other hand, AIM sees themselves as a grassroots citizens’ watchdog, which â€Å"critiques botched and bungled news stories and sets the record straight on important issues that have received slanted coverage† (A.I.M., 2007). Simply put, they are both against the misinformation that the media sometimes deliver to the people because of personal reasons, like biases, opinions and more. But scrutinizing this two properly, the question would then be on who is able to convince more people regarding the slanted news and information of some media practitioners and agencies. Looking closely on FAIR’s characteristics, they say that they seek both the opinion of the journalists and the activists. They present the side of the journalist, whenever they have presented a bit of a biased article or information. They give the journalist a chance to defend themselves and be able to explain further why they have resorted to writing such article. They also present the side of the activists and the critics who notices the mistakes and the points where the journalists went out of line. This is to provide a point of argument for the people, who usually wouldn’t realize that they are receiving biased commentaries from the people they would often think to deliver an unbiased report of the facts. Because of this, FAIR keeps the line open between the journalists and the activists. Through them, they can keep a constant dialogue so that they could be able to work things out for them. This then leaves a room for improvement for the journalists, especially if they consider what the activists say. With the help from FAIR, they would know whether what they are doing is right or wrong. Through constant communication, they are able to sharpen their senses to bring about truthful, unbiased pieces of information for the public. Another characteristic of FAIR is that they are encouraging the people to ask for the person responsible to change their ways, say, the media who gave biased information to the public. They are having a part where they propose a possible solution to a problem and then ask the people to act in order to solve that problem by following what they have suggested. An example would be asking them to call the person involve by giving that person’s contact number. They would encourage the people to ask for an explanation why that media practitioner made such a biased comment regarding a certain topic. AIM on the other hand, sees that the media needs a watch dog, which is why they exist. They said that the news media don’t seem to always give out the right information, wherein they could be misleading the people or giving out biased information shadowed by their personal opinions. But looking closely at AIM’s works, they are more on the political opinions of the media. They are more into scrutinizing that these people should not reflect their political belief in what they are writing. This has become a distinguishing characteristic, since most of their discussions are on whether some media personnel are for the democratic or the liberal side. In addition to that, they tackle on some publications that they see to â€Å"stir people’s minds† with what they publish. They say that these publications exist to deliver straight, hard hitting facts and information, and not to promote a certain belief or side they represent or endorse. In comparing the effectiveness of both FAIR and AIM, it can be seen that both of them are getting feedbacks from people, saying that what they are doing are really helping out in delivering the appropriate, unbiased information. This means that both of them prove that they are effective. But comparing them FAIR is able to communicate more with the people with regards to the wrong-doings of the media. This is because of the wide range of topics and information that FAIR gives and they are not as much as shadowed by the political stand of the media, as compared to that of AIM. In an article in the New York Times last July 3, 2007, writer Sheryl Stolberg has somewhat infused her thoughts in what she has written. The article was about President Bush deciding to commute the sentence of I. Lewis Libby Jr. who has committed a crime by lying to the FBI regarding an Iraq war issue (Stolberg, 2007). With Stolberg saying that the President seem to find the 30-month imprisonment for Libby as harsh, and that the case was a test of will, she was clearly sympathizing with what President Bush is feeling, whether what she said was factual or not. She mentioned that President Bush was forced to give the decision, a statement clearly implying of her, injecting her own opinions. This article was taken by some media watch group negatively, saying that Sheryl Stolberg was violating the media ethics of delivering a truthful, unbiased news and information to the people. What she did was an act of showing her biases, which she was siding and sympathizing with President Bush. As a media practitioner, doing as such reduces her credibility to give truthful, untainted information to the people. Conclusion Democracy includes the people’s freedom to freely speak their minds, the freedom to voice out their opinions whenever they want. But democracies freedoms also have limitations. This is applicable to media, where in order to get a true grasp of a story, the media practitioner, journalists or reporters should be able to give the unbiased face of the story. In order to do so, they must set aside their own opinions and interests in order to give the appropriate information to the people. The media’s role in democracy is the freedom of all people to access information. This information must be untainted with the media people’s opinions or biases, in order not to mislead the recipient of these pieces of information, which are the masses. References: A.I.M. (2007). What is Accuracy In Media(AIM)?  Ã‚   Retrieved July 4, 2007, from http://www.aim.org/static/19_0_7_0_C F.A.I.R. (2007). Media Views.  Ã‚   Retrieved July 4, 2007, from http://www.fair.org/index.php?page=11 Stolberg, S. G. (2007, July 3, 2007). For President, Libby Case Was a Test of Will The New York Times.       How to cite Comparison between FAIR and AIM, Essay examples

Lucid Dreams The First Virtual Reality Essay Example For Students

Lucid Dreams: The First Virtual Reality Essay Lucid Dreams: The First Virtual RealityPsychologicalSean Pasinsky LibEd 316-2 5 Feb. 1997For ages people have thought of dreams as curses or blessings that wecould not prevent nor manipulate. This place called our dreams has constantlypuzzled us, because it is here where all things are possible and seem to occur. In our dreams we perform superhuman and wonderful feats that would normally beimpossible in the awake world. We find the men or women of our dreams,depending on our sexual orientation. While we dream, these wonderful thingsbecome our temporary reality. Yet sometimes while dreaming we may experience themost horrifying events imaginable, called nightmares. Everyone has their ownversion of horror, my most terrifying nightmare has been where my family andfriends have been taken control of by evil monsters that cannot be stopped. Rather than kill me they make me watch old 1970s television shows over and over. For years, men have thought that there should be a way of preventing orcontrolling these nightly events. Humans must, like any animal, sleep. We do not fully understand why wemust sleep. We only know that if we are deprived of sleep long enough that wewill most certainly die. The same is true for dreams and dreaming(1). If wesleep long enough we will reach an advanced stage of sleep where our body beginsto experience rapid eye movement (REM). It is during this REM period that weexperience most of our dreams. Many scientists try to speculate the reasons fordreaming through biological our psychological means. This proves to be veryfrustrating for someone trying to find empirical meaning and truth about his orher dreams. There are countless books written about dreams with just as manydifferent interpretations and meanings for specific dream references. Forpsychics, astrologists, or psychologists who attempt to interpret dreams, thereare numerous factors that must be considered when endeavoring to find meaning ina dream. Because of these numerous factors that contribute to the condition ofdreaming, many different paths have been created for exploration. From Freudssexual symbolism to the current random recollection theories diversity in dreaminterpretation abounds. However, there is a way to dream and not be at the mercyof your subconscious mind. For the past ten years a bright psychologist at Stanford University, bythe name of Steven Laberge, has been studying dreams and the physiology of thehuman body during the dream state. His research may sound commonplace if itwerent for the added fact that he is training people to control their dreams. His subjects are learning to become aware of their dream experience as it ishappening. Once they are aware of their dream they can simply take completecommand of their dream and can consciously cause anything to happen. To thesemi-conscious mind the experience is virtually identical to being awake. Thisconcept is nothing new, in fact many of us will experience at least one of thesedreams in our lifetime. There are a variety of stimuli that he uses to induce this state of mind. One method is playing a tape recording of the phrase This is a dream duringthe sleepers REM. He may also use conditioned tactile stimuli. Light, however,appears to be the best stimulus means of providing an external cue to thesleeper that they are dreaming. This is because environmental light seems to beeasily incorporated into dreams and, when properly conditioned, reminds dreamersthat they are dreaming(6). Use of a special light device has been promising: 55%of 44 subjects had at least one lucid dream during one study(5). Thepossibilities for human progression that this concept creates seem to have nobounds. .uc5eaa235b7c889e840bb59cb261f2e20 , .uc5eaa235b7c889e840bb59cb261f2e20 .postImageUrl , .uc5eaa235b7c889e840bb59cb261f2e20 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc5eaa235b7c889e840bb59cb261f2e20 , .uc5eaa235b7c889e840bb59cb261f2e20:hover , .uc5eaa235b7c889e840bb59cb261f2e20:visited , .uc5eaa235b7c889e840bb59cb261f2e20:active { border:0!important; } .uc5eaa235b7c889e840bb59cb261f2e20 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc5eaa235b7c889e840bb59cb261f2e20 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc5eaa235b7c889e840bb59cb261f2e20:active , .uc5eaa235b7c889e840bb59cb261f2e20:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc5eaa235b7c889e840bb59cb261f2e20 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc5eaa235b7c889e840bb59cb261f2e20 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc5eaa235b7c889e840bb59cb261f2e20 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc5eaa235b7c889e840bb59cb261f2e20 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc5eaa235b7c889e840bb59cb261f2e20:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc5eaa235b7c889e840bb59cb261f2e20 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc5eaa235b7c889e840bb59cb261f2e20 .uc5eaa235b7c889e840bb59cb261f2e20-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc5eaa235b7c889e840bb59cb261f2e20:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Plato's Three Parts of The Soul EssayFor years psychologists and others have sought to find a perfect semi-conscious state of mind where a subject will have a strong link with theirsubconscious and may even interact with an interviewer using this frame of mind. Another name for this state of mind is called hypnosis. Although the lucidstate of mind that Dr. Laberges patients experience is not completely consciousor subconscious, they are still asleep, and the world that they are in is verydetailed and just as realistic as our waking world. That is what puzzles mostpeople who look into his research. Although not mentioned by Dr. Laberge in hisstudies, I think that there is a definite opportunity for a great unlocking ofthe secrets of the human mind. Many practical applications exist for lucid dreaming. There are

Web Site Development Essay Example For Students

Web Site Development Essay I propose to develop a web site for anyone in the sunglass, contact lens,colored contact lens or laser vision correction market. The most importantfeatures included in this site must be: savings, convenience and top qualityproducts. It is necessary to tie all aspects of the site together smoothly. Bythis I mean the shopper must have the ability to purchase at any point In thesite, as well as the ability to get anywhere from anywhere. We must outline ouravailable products and services in such a way as to make it a No Brainerfor anyone. Our available products must be outlined from the onset. If vendorsneed to be contacted to develop a wholesale relationship then this must be takencare of as soon as possible. We will write a custom essay on Web Site Development specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We must assess which products will maximize ourprofit, which will maximize our marketability and which are just of necessity tocarry. We must develop a database of products and maintain prices, additions andsubtractions accordingly. One service I had in mind was to develop a freeservice for anyone interested in laser vision correction. We can develop anapplication where the patient inputs his/her doctors written Rx or theircontact lens box/bottle prescription, and we can take this information anddevelop a sort of internet merge letter. By this I mean, we can send them anemail response as to their current eye condition, the best suited surgicalprocedure for their condition, history of others w/ their Rx resultsand maybe even doctors in their area. I understand this might take away from thepromotion of INSIGHT, but remember, anything free ? keeps em coming back!!This will more marketing tool to draw people in, rather than a service. Also,some production company or another could be contracted out to develop videoswhich we could sell to candidates, doctors, surgeons, etc.. . Dr. Sopher coulddevelop a video directed to practicing optometrists interested in salestechniques in the examination room.

Veterans Disability

Veterans Disability Federal Court Ruling Extends Disability Benefits to Injured Veterans According to a recent ruling by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, veterans previously denied disability for pain related to their service may now qualify for assistance. The decision overturns an earlier precedent that states veterans must clearly connect their pain to a medical diagnosis to receive disability. This precedent has been used to deny over 11,000 Veterans Administration (VA) disability claims. The full article is available here.The challenge- brought by a veterans-affairs group- involved a Gulf War veteran who injured her knees while in service. While military doctors noted this, they didn’t give a specific diagnosis. When she later applied for disability benefits, her claim was denied per a 1999 decision that â€Å"pain alone is not a disability for the purpose of VA disability compensation.† While the new ruling overrides that precedent, veterans must still show a clear connection between their pain and their service.Advocates call the ru ling critical for veterans that are unable to work due to service-related injuries- and suggest veterans who have previously been rejected for disability benefits consider reapplying to see if they now qualify.We Can HelpIf you are disabled and unable to work, call Disability Attorneys of Michigan  for a free confidential consultation.Disability Attorneys of Michigan works hard every day helping the disabled of Michigan seek the disability benefits  they need. If you are unable to work due to a physical, mental or cognitive impairment call Disability Attorneys of Michigan now for a free consultation at 800-949- 2900.Let Michigan’s leading social security disability law firm help you get the benefits you deserve.Disability Attorneys of Michigan, Compassionate Excellence.

Contemporary Responses By The Criminal Justice System Towards Victims Essay

Contemporary Responses By The Criminal Justice System Towards Victims And Witnesses Of Crime - Essay Example The accuracy, quality and quantity of the evidence provided by the victims or the witnesses play a crucial role in developing the case and the ultimate outcome of the investigations (Davis et al., 2007). This paper evaluates if the criminal justice system agents need to take into account the background and perspectives of the victims or the witnesses. It discusses the related research background and evaluates available evidence on the importance of including the witness background and perspectives. It starts with a discussion on sensitivity to emotive and cognitive processing style, expectations and ethnic perspectives of witnesses. A large amount of research and scholarly work has been undertaken on the subject of criminal justice system’s sensitivity (or lack of it) toward the victims or the witnesses. This ‘sensitivity’ is, however, studied from the point of view of the victims or the witnesses. The underlying theme is that the criminal justice system officials may inadvertently indulge in a further ‘victimization’ of the witnesses/victims during their investigations (Goodey, 2005). This is attributed to a plausible lack of empathy with the witness and the focus of the officials on getting the crime solved (Mawby and Walklate, 1994). As such, much research has gone into developing programs for educating the criminal justice system agents in being humane, patient and empathic to the victims (Lamb et al., 2008).For example, a research by Bollingmo, Wessel,   Eilertsen and Magnussen (2008) found that police officers tend to undermine the credibility of victims’ accounts if the victim appears to be calm and controlled and does not look harassed or desperate. However, it is more of a personality issue that some people may remain relatively calm under duress while others may become desperate with even little discomfort (Maguire and Pointing, 1988). But the investigating officers’

IT163 Unit 5 BD Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

IT163 Unit 5 BD - Research Paper Example The join condition brings the relationship between the rows of one table and the rows of another table. The join query enables a query to select any number of columns from more than two tables (Connolly, & Begg, 2005). If two of these tables have a column which share the same name, then all the qualifying name attributes of the columns will be used so that the queries will have the name of the table that is used. Join query come in many flavors according to the location where the join query will be located. There are conditions that join query will work. A join query will either work under WHERE clause or FROM clause. These are the conditions that will enable join queries to work. This is in aimportant aspect which should be looked into when undertaking and creating join queries. In an example where there are two tables holding persons information and the order information, if one wants to get some data from the two tables (Connolly, & Begg,

The Human Growth And Development Assignment

The Human Growth And Development Assignment The aim of this essay is to use knowledge of human growth and development to critically discuss the theories a social worker might employ to assess a family and better understand their behaviour. A family profile will be provided and two family members selected for further discussion and the application of appropriate theories. These theories will be critiqued in terms of how they might assist social workers in making informed assessments, as well as where the theories are limited in their application. Family Profile The family within this case study comprises five members, all of whom live together in Elsies home. Table 1 presents the name, age, family position, and nationality of each family member. Sylvie and Greg met when they were 19-years of age. They had been together for 5-years when their daughter Molly was born. They split up when Molly was 1-years old, but got back together 6-years later when Molly was 7-years of age. Greg said that they split up because he was unable to handle Sylvies total lack of trust in him. This caused huge arguments between them, with Sylvie constantly questioning where he was and his commitment to his family. Sylvie said that she was devastated when Greg left, but knew that it was going to happen. During their time apart Sylvie turned to alcohol and drugs, but sought counselling and support for this and the issues in her past. As a result, she has been drug and alcohol free for over 4-years. Greg always maintained a good relationship with Molly during the 6-year separation and she lived with him and her paternal Grandparents at different points when Sylvie was not coping. Molly said that she was happy that her parents got back together. Mason was planned and both Sylvie and Greg felt they had resolved historic issues and were committed as a family unit to having another child. Mason was born with Global Developmental Delay, which is a condition that occurs between birth to 18-years of age and is usually characterised by lower intellectual functioning and significant limitations in communication and other developmental skills. Sylvie blames herself for Masons condition, believing that it must somehow be linked to her wild years of drinking and drug binges. Despite being reassured to the contrary by medical professionals and a social worker, she remains low in mood and feels that she has let everyone down. Sylvie has found bonding with Mason difficult and she feels frustrated by him not meeting his developmental milestones. Mason is in nappies, he is not yet talking, he is very unsteady on his feet and he lacks co-ordination. As a result, he still requires feeding at mealtimes and has not begun to develop independent skills. Sylvie has said that she feels like sending him somewhere. Greg, on the other hand, feels very attached and protective towards Mason and Sylvie feels that he lets him get away with anything. Conflict has developed between Sylvie and Greg, resulting in Greg staying at work longer and meeting up with his friends more in an effort to avoid the arguments and tension at home. Elsie, mother to Greg, owns the large family home in which they all live. Sylvie and Greg decided that they would move in with her shortly after they got back together, as Gregs father died very unexpectedly. The plan was that they would all support one another financially, practically and emotionally. Elsie is very involved with the children as both parents work. However, recently Elsie has been forgetting things, such as collecting Mason from the specialist childminder and this has caused tension between the adults. There have been some difficulties with Molly at school. Sylvie was called in to Mollys school last week as a result of Molly using racist language towards another student. The school state that Molly is very close to being excluded, as a result of her angry and disruptive behaviour. Sylvie broke down upon hearing this and explained about her low mood, feelings of despair and worries about Gregs mum. Sylvie cannot understand the change in Mollys behaviour and said that she and Greg need help. Applying Human Growth and Development to Social Work As part of this essay, there will be a focus on two members of this family: Molly and Elsie. The two theories of human growth and development to be applied to Molly are Attachment Theory and Life Course Theory. The two theories of human growth and development to be applied to Elsie are Ecological Theory and Disengagement Theory. Anti-oppressive practice will underlie the critique and has been defined as a form of social work practice which addresses social divisions and structural inequalities in the work that is done with clients (users) and workers (Dominelli, 1993, p. 24). Anti-oppressive practice is a person-centred approach synonymous with Carl Rogers (1980) philosophy of person-centred practice. It is designed to empower individuals by reducing the negative effects of hierarchy, with the emphasis being on a holistic approach to assessment. Practising in an anti-oppressive way requires valuing differences lifestyles and personal identities. This goes against common sense socialisation which portrays differences as inferior or pathological and which excludes individuals from the social world and denies them their rights. MOLLY Attachment Theory Attachment Theory is a psychological theory based on the premise that young children require an attachment relationship with at least one consistent caregiver within their lives for normal social and emotional development (Bowlby, 1958). Attachment is an emotional bond between an individual and an attachment figure, usually the person who cares for them. Psychologically, attachment provides a child with security. Biologically, it provides a child with survival. Ainsworth et al. (1978) formulated four types of attachment that provide a tool for social workers to assess and understand childrens emotional experiences and psychosocial functioning: secure; insecure, ambivalent; insecure, avoiding; and disorganised. Molly appears demonstrates insecure, ambivalent attachments, where parental care is inconsistent and unpredictable. This type of attachment is characterised by parents who fail to empathise with their childrens moods, needs and feelings. Indeed, Sylvie cannot understand the change in Mollys behaviour, indicating an inability to empathise with Molly. Children with insecure and ambivalent attachments often become increasingly confused and frustrated. They can become demanding, attention seeking, angry and needful, creating trouble in order to keep other people involved and interested. Feelings are acted out, as Molly has been doing at school. This is because insensitive and inconsistent care is interpreted by the child to mean that they are unworthy of love and unlovable. Such painful feelings undermine self-esteem and self-confidence and an understanding of this can ensure that social workers resist stereotypes of the moody, anti-social teenager, and instead explore the underlying reasons for changes in mood. For Molly, the development of an attachment figure was likely to have been compromised during her early developmental years. In particular, when Molly was between the ages of 1 and 7-years old, her mother was addicted to drugs and alcohol and thus was emotionally and physically unavailable. Despite living with her father and paternal grandparents for a period of time, the overall insecurity within her family unit is likely to have impacted her ability to attach to others. If Molly did develop an attachment figure it is most likely to have been with her father or maternal grandparents, who were not unavailable due to drug or alcohol abuse during this vital developmental phase of Mollys childhood. Taking this into consideration, there are a number of significant changes that have occurred in Mollys life and that involve potential attachment figures who have provided Molly with much-needed security and safety. For example, Mollys father, whom Molly has remained close to throughout drama within the family, is no longer at home as much in an effort to avoid arguments with Sylvie. When he is at home, the tension is likely to impact the duration and quality of time spent with Molly. Indeed, marital conflict has been found to influence adolescents attachment security by reducing the responsiveness and effectiveness of parenting (Markiewicz, Doyle, and Brendgen, 2001). Strained marital relationships can also lead to increased marginalisation of the father who can become distanced from their children, as has been the case within this family (Markiewicz, Doyle, and Brendgen, 2001). In addition, Molly has recently lost her grandfather, which her grandmother is also trying to come to terms with. Not only has Molly lost her grandfather, but her grandmothers behaviour is likely to have changed as she comes to terms with her own loss. All of the key attachment figures in Mollys life are either emotionally or physically unavailable at present. It is important to consider this within the context of Mollys current developmental stage, which is that of adolescence. Attachments to peers tend to emerge in adolescence, but the role of parents remains vital in teenagers successfully achieving attachments outside of the home. It is a time when parents are required to be available if needed, while the teenager makes their first independent steps into the outside world (Allen and Land, 1999). Mollys recent problems at school could be the result of this lack of availability from adults in her life. She might also be anxious about losing her father again, creating anticipation and fear about separation from an attachment figures. The anger she expresses at school could be transference of the anger and fear created by her unstable circumstances at home. The fact that she has become racially abusive might suggest that her anger lies with her mother, who is of dual nationality. The main critique of Attachment Theory has been in the guise of the nature versus nurture debate, the former being genetic factors and the latter being the way a child is parented. Harris (1998) argues that parents do not shape their childs personality or character, but that a childs peers have more influence on them than their parents. She cites that children are more influenced by their peers because they are eager to fit in. This argument is supported by twin studies showing that identical twins reared apart often develop the same hobbies, habits, and character traits; the same has been found with fraternal twins reared together (Loehlin et al., 1985; Tellegen et al., 1988; Jang et al., 1998). It is likely that nurture plays a greater role in the younger years, when parents and caregivers are the childs primary point of contact. On the other hand, when a child enters adolescents and engages with society more, nature might take over. Another limitation in Attachment Theory is the fact that model attachment is based on behaviours that occur during stressful separations rather than during non-stressful situations. Field (1996) astutely argues that a broader understanding of attachment requires observation of how the caregiver and child interact during natural, non-stressful situations. It is agreed that behaviours directed towards the attachment figure during separation and reunion cannot be the only factors used to define attachment. Despite these limitations, the theory does provide valuable information regarding relationship dynamics and bonds, which social workers can use to better understanding the individual being assessed. It is, however, important to remember that what is seen as healthy attachment will vary culturally. Consideration of this is crucial to anti-oppressive practice. Life Course Theory Life Course Theory has been defined as a sequence of socially defined events and roles that the individual enacts over time (Giele and Elder, 1998, p. 22). Within this theory, the family is perceived as a micro social group within a macro social context (Bengston and Allen, 1993). According to Eriksons 8 stages of human development, Molly is in stage five, which is characterised by a conflict between identity versus role confusion. Being of dual heritage might cause issues within this stage and within Mollys search for identity. Evidence within the literature has shown that adolescents of dual heritage report more ethnic exploration, discrimination, and behavioural problems than those of single heritage (Ward, 2005). Indeed, this could explain why Molly is being racially abusive, in an effort to determine her own thoughts and feelings on ethnicity and the confusion it can cause. The racial abuse directed at other children might even be representative of her own anger at being of dual heritage. Adolescence is difficult to define, but it is traditionally assumed to be between 12-18 years of age and characterised by puberty (i.e. the transformation from a child to a young person). During this time, hormones strongly influence mood swings and extremes of emotion, which might explain Mollys difficulty controlling her anger at school. Adolescence is also when an individual starts to develop socially, increasing their independence and becoming more influenced by peers. During this time, according to Piagets (1964) theory of cognitive development, an individual enters the formal operational stage and starts to understand abstract concepts, develop moral philosophies, establish and maintain satisfying personal relationships, and gain a greater sense of personal identity and purpose (Santrock, 2008). Risks to social and cognitive development include poor parental supervision and discipline, as well as family conflict (Beinart et al., 2002), showing this to be an important time to in tervene with Molly. It is these biological and social changes during adolescents that can create the stereotype of the moody, anti-social teenager. It is important that social workers do not allow negative stereotypes to influence their expectations of Molly. Instead, they need to take a holistic approach and examine where she is on the life course as well as what the character and quality of Mollys behaviours and relationships tell them about her internal working model, defensive inclinations, emotional states and personality. This ant-oppressive approach will also allow social workers to identify links between past and present relationship experiences. ELSIE Ecological Theory Bronfenbrenners (1977) Ecological Model of human development posits that in order to understand human development, an individuals ecological system needs to be taken into consideration. According to the theory, an individuals ecological system comprises five social subsystems: Micro-system comprising activities and social roles within the immediate environment. Mesosystem processes taking place between two or more different social settings. Exosystem processes taking place between two or more different social systems, at least one of which does not involve the individual but indirectly affects them. Macrosystem includes ideology, attitudes, customs, traditions, values and culture. Chronosystem change or consistency over time in individual characteristics and environmental characteristics. Ecological Theory is, overall, a model of how the social environment affects the individual, with these five systems interacting and thus influencing human growth and development. Elsies ecological system has been continually changing for many years. At one point she was living with her husband, son, and her granddaughter. This was followed by living alone with her husband. On losing her husband, Elsies son moved in with his wife and two children, one of whom has a disability. There has been very little environmental stability within Elsies life, at least over the last 7-years or more. It is perhaps understandable that her health has started to deteriorate. She has recently lost her husband, experienced continually fluctuating environmental conditions, and is now living in a tense atmosphere due to issues within her sons marriage. It is also important to note that, childrens behaviour and personality can also affect the behaviour of adults; Elsies behaviour might be negatively affected by her granddaughters struggle through adolescence and her grandsons disability. Taking into consideration Elsies ecological system highlights the importance of not making assum ptions that Elsies increased forgetting is a sign of dementia; her symptoms may be the result of stress within her ecological system. Despite the relevance of this theory to understanding Elsies situation, the critique does highlight limitations in its operationalisation (Wakefield, 1996). In particular, since past experiences and future anticipations can impact an individuals current well-being, lack of inclusion of this element of human growth and development within the Ecological Model is a serious limitation. In addition, the emphasis of the model is on adaptation and thus it has been argued that the theory can be abused and used to encourage individuals to accept oppressive circumstances (Coady and Lehman, 2008). Social workers using this theory in their assessments ideally need to be aware that oppression and injustice are part of the environment that needs to be considered in an ecological analysis. With this consideration, the theory offers social workers a way of thinking about and assessing the relatedness of individuals and their environments; the person is assessed holistically and within the context of their social circumstances. Disengagement Theory Disengagement has been described by Cumming and Henry (1961) as an inevitable mutual withdrawal . . . resulting in decreased interaction between the ageing person and others in the social systems he belongs to (p. 227). Within their theory, they argue that older people do not contribute to society with the same efficiency as the younger population and thus become a societal burden. In order to function, therefore, society requires a process for disengaging older people. By internalising the norms of society, older people become socialised and take disengage from society due to a sense of obligation. The theory further purports that the extent to which an individual disengages determines how well they adjust to older age. In other words, continued withdrawal from society in later life has been deemed the hallmark of successful and happy ageing. Applying this theory to Elsies situation, it could be that the problems surrounding her forgetfulness in collecting her grandson from school is a step towards social disengagement. Furthermore, it could be theorised that this disengagement was prompted by her husband taking the most extreme form of disengagement, which is death. There has, however, been much critique of this theory, including the fact that many older people do not conform to this image and remain actively involved in life and in society. Hochschild (1976) has criticised the theory with what has been termed the omnibus variable. Hochschild points out that while an older person might experience disengagement from certain social activities, such as retiring from work, they are likely to replace this with something else that is socially engaging such as being more involved in the community or becoming more family-oriented. Indeed, Hochschilds biggest challenge to Disengagement Theory was the presentation of evidence from Cumming and Henrys own data showing that many older people do not withdraw from society. Disengagement Theory creates a picture of older people as lacking freedom to act on their own, thus ignoring individual ageing experiences and describing the ageing process in a purely social context (Gouldner, 1970). Indeed, Estes et al. (1982) argues that disengagement is often forced upon older people, which supports the notion that old age is just as much a social construction as it is a biological process. Older people are, in many ways, socialised into acting old. Thus, older age is strongly related to Labelling Theory (Rosenthal and Jacobson, 1968). For example, making assumptions about old age and having low expectations of older people can become a self-fulfilling prophecy. This again raises the importance of not assuming that Elsies forgetting is a sign of dementia; despite being seen as a natural consequence of ageing, only a minority of people develop dementia (Stuart-Hamilton, 2006). In many ways, Disengagement Theory serves to legitimise the marginalisation of older people and is, it could be argued, ageist and discriminative. Ageism is the application of negative stereotypes and includes actions such as categorising older people separately from adults. This has created immense debate within social work practice, with it being believed by some that distinguishing older people from adults is oppressive and can exacerbate social isolation. Tackling social isolation is being encouraged in efforts to prevent deteriorating health in older age, suggesting that disengagement is far from the ideology purported by Cummings and Henry (DH, 2010). The introduction of the Equality Act 2010, which replaces the existing duties on the public sector to promote race, disability and gender equality, now comprises a single duty to promote equality across eight protected characteristics, one of which is age. The Act also includes provisions allowing the government to make age discri mination in service planning and delivery unlawful. This is likely to be implemented in 2012 and thus it is crucial that social workers make anti-oppressive practice in the form of tackling ageism a priority. There needs to be a move away from viewing older people as an homogenous group characterised by passivity, failing health, and dependency, as highlighted within Activity Theory. Activity Theory (Leontev, 1978) is a direct challenge to Disengagement Theory in that it suggests that life satisfaction is related to social interaction and level of activity. Nevertheless, as with all theories discussed within this essay, Disengagement Theory can be applied to understanding Elsies situation without being oppressive and without taking the extreme position that originally inspired the theory. More modern approaches to human growth and development clearly show the benefits of social engagement versus disengagement; however, disengagement remains a key factor to consider due to ageist attitudes and the socialisation of old age. Conclusion This essay has utilised theory and knowledge of human growth and development to demonstrate how social workers can make an informed assessment of a complex family situation. The strengths and limitations of these theories have been discussed, drawing in particular on their application within anti-oppressive practice. All theories offer a better understanding of human growth and development, with some requiring specific adaptation to encompass the core values of social work practice. Such adaptation is not necessarily a disadvantage if the key strengths of each theory are utilised alongside the knowledge and expertise of the social worker.

Disability Discrimination Essay

Would you deem Karina disabled under the ADAAA? If so, what reasonable accommodations would you offer to her? Karina has a medical condition requiring her to take steroids and other medications. This condition led to Karina gaining weight and not able to wear two uniform items, the stockings and heels. These conditions affect her back, circulatory system, and endurance level. Additionally, according to her doctor, Karina must stop wearing the stockings and heels because of her condition. Based on this information, Karina does qualify as â€Å"disabled† even if she does not display symptoms that interfere with her ability to perform her duties. By taking medication, Karina is mitigating (reducing) the effects of her illness. However, her employer cannot consider this information in determining if she has a protected disability under the ADAAA. The ADA was passed nearly 20 years ago to provide legal protections for, and to end discrimination against, workers with disabilities. The ADA is a wide-ranging civil rights law that prohibits discrimination based on disability. It affords similar protections against discrimination to Americans with disabilities as the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which made discrimination based on race, religion, sex, national origin, and other characteristics illegal. Under the ADA, an individual is considered to have a â€Å"disability† if that individual either (1) has a physical or mental impairment which substantially limits one or more of that person’s major life activities, (2) has a record of such an impairment, or (3) is regarded by the covered entity as having such an impairment. The determination of whether any particular condition is considered a disability is made on a case by case basis. When the ADA was first passed into law in 1990, federal courts were very strict in determining which employees met the ADA’s definition of a â€Å"disability,† resulting in the dismissal of many cases. A series of such court decisions made it increasingly difficult to qualify for the law’s protections. To remedy this problem, Congress recently passed the ADA Amendments Act of 2008 (ADAAA), which went into effect on January 1, 2009. The ADAAA made five changes to the ADA that are significant. 1.It provides that the definition of the ADA â€Å"disability† must both be more â€Å"flexible† and â€Å"broadly construed.† 2.It expands the list of â€Å"major life activities.† 3.It provides that courts can no longer consider whether â€Å"mitigating measures,† such as medication or assistive technology, reduce the impact of impairment on an individual. 4.It states that diseases that are â€Å"episodic† or in remission may still be â€Å"disabilities.† 5.It provides that employees who claims they are â€Å"regarded as† disabled can now make an ADA claim, even if the â€Å"perceived† disability does not impact a major life activity. It is important that employers be up to speed on these changes. This is especially important because the ADAAA created a shift of emphasis in applying the law. In enacting the ADAAA, Congress instructed that it should be interpreted to favor â€Å"broad coverage of individuals under the ADA,† and that courts must focus not on whether an employee is â€Å"disabled,† but on whether the â€Å"employer is complying with its obligations under the law.†

Christianity verses islam Essay

The attitudes of Christianity and Islam toward merchants and trade are similar yet different. Over time Christian and Islamic attitudes towards the merchants and trade have changed.  The attitudes of Christianity and Islam toward merchants and traders are similar. A way that these two religions attitudes towards their merchants and trade was that they both allowed being treated better under god easier for merchants to achieve if they were honest about what their trade. In the Muslim Qur’an it states â€Å"On the day of judgment, the honest, truthful Muslim merchant will take rank with the martyrs of the faith† (Doc 2). This statement proves that merchants could be treated better under god if they were honest. Also in the Christian Bible, New Testament (Matthew) it states â€Å"It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of god† (Doc 1). This means that it is easier for the honest merchants to enter t he kingdom of god than the rich upper-class Christians. All in all, the Christian and Islamic attitudes toward the merchants and trade are similar. As well as the attitudes of Christianity and Islam toward merchants and trade being similar they were different. A way that Christianity and Islam attitudes were different was that some Christians thought that if they gave away their money earned to charity they would be able to become closer to God by serving him, but in Islam they only thought that honesty could get you closer to God. In The Life of St. Godric by Reginald it states â€Å"now he had lived sixteen years as a merchant, and began to think of spending on charity, to God’s honor and service† (Doc 3). Although this statement proves the difference it may be bias because it was written by a colleague of a merchant, this could mean that he was experiencing things different than what they were really supposed to be by law. In the Qur’an it states â€Å"On the day of judgment, the honest, truthful Muslim merchant will take rank with the martyrs of the faith† (Doc 2). The statements from these two wr itings together prove that the attitudes towards merchants and trade were different between Christianity and Islam. Over time both Christianity and Islam attitudes towards merchants and trade  changed. Christianity started off with the Christian merchants not bidding with the traders to bidding with the traders. Thomas Aquinas wrote â€Å"the seller must not impose upon the bidder† (Doc 4). And this change was presented when a letter was written placing an order for English wool saying â€Å"with god always before us, we will carry out your bidding† (Doc 6). Both these statements could be bias due to the writer, the first quote from Aquinas could be bias because he was a theologian which means he studied gods and so he could have wrote more about what the bible states and not what actually happened. Then the letter was written by a merchant which means they could have had different experiences with trade than other merchants. Islam started off with their merchants needing to be honest and ended up with their merchants seeking to make profits and gambling, and gambling for more money is not very truthful. The Qur’an it states â€Å"On the day of judgment, the honest, truthful Muslim merchant will take rank with the martyrs of the faith† (Doc 2). Ibn Khaldun a leading Muslim scholar wrote â€Å"We have already stated that traders must buy and sell and seek profits† and he wrote â€Å"they come under the heading of gambling† (Doc 5). All in all both Christianity and Islamic attitudes toward merchants and trade changed over time. In conclusion Christianity and Islam had attitudes toward merchants and trade that were similar and different, and that both religions attitudes changed over time. A document that was not present that would have been helpful would be a document written by Muslim or Christian merchants because the documents that were written by merchants were written by British and Italian merchants.

Basic Processes Of A Relationship Attachment And Divorce

Basic Processes of a Relationship: Attachment and Divorce Introduction (5 points) Pitch perfect is a modern comedic musical, which follows the journey of one college girl, Beca, through her membership of an all-girls acapella group. Through her experiences in acapella, she meets a man, Jesse, who is in their rival acapella group, and they exhibit an initial attraction towards each other. In this scene, Beca displays playful fighting and touching with Jesse with obvious signs of affection and gratitude for bailing her out jail. However, this emotion suddenly switches when she finds out he did not bail her out, he called her dad to. Beca became very defensive and independent once she knew her dad was there. Her severe very negative reaction†¦show more content†¦Her father exercises his control over her and forbids her of her dream to produce music in Los Angeles. The father also does not allow Beca to tell her side of the story, discrediting her opinions, and forcing her to get in the car to go home. All of these relationship issues are greatly impacted due to the relationship between Beca and her father and the attachment style Beca learned from her parents. This paper will explore how attachment style is affected in children of divorce and how that leads to future success or failure in their adult romantic relationships; In this case, specifically looking at college age students. Even further in depth, the paper will also examine the dynamic relationship between divorced fathers and their children, and how certain characteristics within that relationship will affect the child’s romantic relationships. Lastly, it will explore the possibility of attachment style changing due to better and more stable relationships made in the future. Assertion (5 points) The relationship is between two college age students where the Beca, has an avoidant style of attachment. Her parents divorced early in her life attributing to the cause of her avoidant attachment style, and this also led to the disconnect with her father. Because of this she is having difficulty in letting a romantic partner, Jesse, come too close to her. Her nonverbal