Impact Of Environmental Communication On Public Sphere On...

Title: Impact of Environmental Communication in Public Sphere on Urban Youth in Gujarat 1 Introduction Environment has attained centrality in the national and international arena in the past few decades. The primary reason for this has been environmental degradation as a consequence of varied socio-economic, institutional and technological factors. The need for sensitisation is imperative and which can be substantially achieved through legislation and communication. Communication designs of environmental issues influence public awareness, opinion, and action. Environmental awareness or the subsequent lack thereof, have been on a rise for a while now with rise in population, changing political ideologies, increased private investments and overall privatisation and a dominant enshrining of the pro-development philosophy of the West. With such tendencies, as humans grow in number, so does the dependency on nature and the lookout for space, an insatiable cycle of production and consumption commences and with this, the Earth - our primary producer is reduced to commodity status. In a world dominated by human beings, where often the rights of the natural world and of animals dependent on it, are trampled upon, communication can play an important role in providing a channel for expression, discussion and action. Industrialisation continues to displace indigenous people on a large scale level resulting in various grassroots movements, all in the name of development. PeopleShow MoreRelatedPost Apartheid South Africa2901 Words   |  12 Pagesviewed as a privilege, but as a right that must be granted to all citizens especially the previously disadvantaged. The local government is the only sphere that is able to manage and implement this right. The provision of public services to the community is an indicator that is used to determine whether local government is being developmental. Public participation is essential to ensure that the community’s needs are taken into consideration and disparate areas are prioritized with the resources thatRead MoreRural - Urban Migration and Ways of Stopping the Migration3045 Words   |  13 PagesRural-urban linkage generally refers to the growing flow of public and private capital, people (migration and commuting) and goods (trade) between urban and rural areas. It is important to add to these the flow of ideas, the flow of information and diffusion of innovation. Adequate infrastructure such as transportation, communication, energy and basic services is the backbone of the urban-rural development linkage approach (Tacoli, 2004). There is a positive relationship between adequacy of transportationRead MoreAnalysis Of The Chronicle Of Aalborg Commitments3657 Words   |  15 Pagestowards Sustainability which was signed in 1994 at Aalborg, Denmark (ICLEI, 1994). The Charter is the first European Conference discuss about sustainable urban development. The Charter inspired by the Rio Earth Summit’s Local Agenda 21 in its (Local Agenda 21) urban agenda. The charter had shifted the attention of EU countries to focus on sustainable urban development (ICLEI, 1996). Ten years later in the year 2004, the Aalborg Commitments were established with 620 local municipalities signed the commitmentsRead MoreRacism and Ethnic Discrimination44667 Words   |  179 PagesAfro-descendent communities in Nicaragua 4.2.5 Colonization through development models on Indigenous land 4.2.6 The autonomy process in the Caribbean Coast 4.2.6.1 Development of a normative juridical framework 4.2.6.2 Advances in the establishment of public policies and structural transformations of the State 4.2.6.3 Construction of intercultural citizenship 4.2.7 The agricultural frontier: a new form of internal colonization 4.2.8 Current expressions of external colonization 13 14 14 5 Read MoreCorporate Social Responsibility15903 Words   |  64 PagesCORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) is a term describing a company’s obligation to be accountable to all of its stakeholder in all its operation and activities. Socially responsible companies consider the full scope of their impact on communities and the environment when making decisions, balancing the needs of stakeholder with their need to make profit. A company’s stakeholders are all those who are influenced by and can influence a company’s decisions and action, both locally and globally. BusinessRead MoreWomen Empowerment12463 Words   |  50 Pages but also empowers the State to adopt measures of positive discrimination in favour of women. | |Within the framework of a democratic polity, our laws, development policies, Plans and programmes have| |aimed at women’s advancement in different spheres. From the Fifth Five Year Plan (1974-78) onwards has| |been a marked shift in the approach to women’s issues from welfare to development. In recent years, | |the empowerment of women has been recognized as the central issue in determining the statusRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesE SSAYS ON TWENTIETH-C ENTURY H ISTORY In the series Critical Perspectives on the Past, edited by Susan Porter Benson, Stephen Brier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and CultureRead MoreSport Tourism6457 Words   |  26 PagesHow far do you have to travel to be labeled a tourist? Is there a difference between a day-tripper and a person who stays at least one night away from home (IUOTO, 1963)? Why does it matter? If we are to effectively gauge the economic and social impacts on our communities, we need to be able to identity the sport tourist. Also, to effectively market and prepare events and facilities for the sport tourist, we need to be able to recognize this group. Thus, I would propose a working definition of sportRead MoreCase: Chester Wayne Essay18738 Words   |  75 PagesInnovation 31 Stewardship 41 Engagement 50 External Recognition 51 About the Photographs SCOPE OF REPORT SCOPE OF REPORT Kodak is pleased to present our fifth annual Global Sustainability Report, as well as our 21st public report to include health, safety and environmental performance. 1 Issues Covered /Trends Kodak is continually evaluating our sustainability priorities and aligning our focus with our current business model. Through observation and participation in various industry groupsRead MoreGlobalization and It Effects on Cultural Integration: the Case of the Czech Republic.27217 Words   |  109 Pageseconomy, but politics and other socio-cultural issues. 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Analysis Of A Farwell To Arms By Ernest Hemingway

Ernest Hemingway was a great American writer that accomplished many pieces of work including short stories, novels and journals. Hemingway was born in 1899 and raised in Illinois; he first started writing in high school for his schools newspaper cover things such as the local orchestra and working for the school year book. After graduation from high school he started his first job as journalist in Kanas working for the Kansas City Star newspaper. Hemingway soon left Kansas to serve in WWI as an ambulance driver, until he was wounded and returned home. He later received an Italian Silver Medal of Bravery for saving Italian members while he was injured. Hemingway focused his work on the words he used such as honor, courage and bravery;†¦show more content†¦The novel was a seductive love quarrel between characters that where based in Paris during a bull-fighting event. The main character was named Jake who was a WWI Veteran and had fallen in love with Brett, who was an indepen dent woman that he had met while he was wounded during the war. Brett finds that Jakes wounds have made him worthless and undesirable. Even though they both have deep feelings for each other; Brett flaunts her shellfish behaviors of woman hood by throwing in his face her other lovers, one to include his best friend Cohn. The use of imagery and plot context was controversial during the time at which this story was published. Hemingway was changing the way of writing in his own distinctive ways. He used his own personal experiences from WWI as well as his own love and romantic affairs in his writings. During the time he was finishing the novel he had his own love affair with a woman names Pauline that influenced his story. During the early 1900’s it was unheard of for an author to write about such love affairs but Hemingway was true to his work and his real life encounters, and wrote what he felt was necessary. Another prominent piece of Hemingway’s work was his novel â €Å"A Farwell to Arms†, which was published in 1929. The novel was a love story between Fredric Henry and Catherine Barkley during WWI. Henry like Hemingway was also an ambulance driver serving in the war when he wasShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Fascism, And Background Of Ernest Hemingway2736 Words   |  11 Pagesmedical staff, ambulance drivers and pilots etc†¦did so, as well. Many countries were involved in world war one; throughout this essay the focus will remain on World War One, the role of fascism, and background of Ernest Hemingway. This essay will also give a brief overview of ‘A Farewell to Arm† and discuss themes such as chaos and order, war, self vs duty, ambulances, and rain. Cultural and Historical Background Ambulance services were best defined as hospital establishments moving with armies in the

Mechanical design systems Essay Example For Students

Mechanical design systems Essay PROBLEM STATEMENT:The design is to engineer a drive system to operate two extrusion rolls in opposite directions to compress the caramel. The drive system consists of a flexible drive system that operates a spur gear drive, which in turn operates the extrusion rolls at equal and opposite speeds. The power source to this design is a five horse power normal torque AC electric motor, operating at 1160 rpm. The system must be designed to run 24 hours per day, 3 days per week. There will be 4 shafts is the drive system. The shaft that is being driven by the flexible drive system directly is to be called shaft A, for design reference. The extrusion rolls shafts are to be called shaft B1 and B2, for design reference. The last shaft C is in the system only to reverse the direction of rotation of one of the extrusion roll shafts. The speed of shaft A is to be determined by the designer. The speed of the extrusion rolls is to be 200 rpm. When designing this drive system calculate all forces, l ife expectancies and stresses for both systems. The centerline distance from motor shaft to shaft A is to be 72 inches. 2DESIGN DECISIONS:While designing this multiple drive system there are many decisions to be made in order to successfully design the system according to the problem statement. The first is deciding whether to use a belt drive or a chain drive; one would realize that the system is operating at fairly low speed so a chain would be ideal. The next step to designing this system is to consider and analyze a speed for shaft A. Factors must be considered while deciding the speed of shaft A. The factors are that the speed of shaft A should be high enough so that the speed ratio of the gears is large enough, so that the gear sizes make a large enough distance between extrusion rolls. When designing this system one would choose around 480 rpm. Using the rpm out of the flexible drive one would select the appropriate gears for the application. Which the designer will find is a difficult task considering contact stress. When choosing the proper chain size and sprockets one will find that a number 40, 19 tooth n1 and a 45 tooth n2 are optimal stock components and get you fairly close to the desired 480 rpm. When designing the gear drive system one must understand the configuration of the gears. The chain drive operates shaft A, shaft A has a sprocket and a gear on the opposing ends (sprocket= N2) (gear= G1A). The first decision that has to be made when designing a gear drive is what size pitch is right for the design. When deciding this one would find you can either use an 8 pitch or a 6 pitch gear. One would realize during calculations that the 8 pitch gears dont work so well for this gear design due to high contact stress which would be high material cost. The designer would see that a 6 pitch gear set yields extremely high horse power ratings but, is still the best selection. Gear G1A is a 15 tooth gear and drives two shafts, shaft B1 and C. Shaft B1 is one of the extrusion roll shafts and has power transferred to it through a 36 tooth G2A. Shaft C is in the system to cha nge the direction of rotation of shaft B2. Shaft C has a gear identical to shaft A but is called G1B for reference. Shaft B2 is the other extrusion roll shafts that is equipped with a gear identical to shaft B1 but, labeled G2B. Shaft B1 and B2 are rotating at the speeds the rolls rotate in opposite directions so the caramel is drawn though the rolls and compressed. When designing this system one would realize that this system is compressing the caramel and when compressing something that is going into another process one would always want to change the amount of compression that the system is applying on the caramel to make sure it is just the way they want it when going into the next process. One would realize there is only one way to do this. That is to make the gear G1B and G2B adjust. Making G1B adjust on an arc thats radius is equal to the center distance between shaft A and shaft C as shown on Drawing #2. Shaft C is only held in place by the control arms, stops have to be mad e so that gear G2B can not come in contact with the pinion G1A. Gear G2B shaft would be mounted on pillow blocks that are mounted on slides that would adjust on a straight line level with shafts A and B1. To keep the centerline distances perfect for the gear sets that are adjustable. Control arms must be made which will operate the amount of compression that is exerted on the rolls. Two control arms must be made for 3between shafts A and C, for between shaft C and shaft B2 and for between shaft B2 and the hydraulic cylinder that will operate the Compression. So, when the hydraulic cylinder extends shaft B1 moves closer to Shaft A but keeps required centerline distance due to the control arms and shaft C moves downward along its arc to reduce the distance between the extrusion rolls. While designing this adjustment system for the gears one would realize the control arms should be on both side of the gears so the gear teeth mesh perfectly. One would also realize that a lubrication met hod must be chosen for the chain drive system. While designing this system one would realize that an oil drip method of lubrication is sufficient being that its life expectancy is 37,000 hours. The last decision to be made is material selection. One would choose a Grade 1 flame hardened 50 HRC steel for the pinion (gears; G1A and G1B). One would decide that a ductile (nodular) iron ASTM A536 120-90-02 quenched and tempered gear is needed for the driven gears (gears; G2A and G2B). The driven gears will be moderately expensive but compared to an 8 pitch pinion that is made of Nitrided, 2.5% chrome it is much cheaper. .uac3670ca1ba9b146929a80267e64a4ae , .uac3670ca1ba9b146929a80267e64a4ae .postImageUrl , .uac3670ca1ba9b146929a80267e64a4ae .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uac3670ca1ba9b146929a80267e64a4ae , .uac3670ca1ba9b146929a80267e64a4ae:hover , .uac3670ca1ba9b146929a80267e64a4ae:visited , .uac3670ca1ba9b146929a80267e64a4ae:active { border:0!important; } .uac3670ca1ba9b146929a80267e64a4ae .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uac3670ca1ba9b146929a80267e64a4ae { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uac3670ca1ba9b146929a80267e64a4ae:active , .uac3670ca1ba9b146929a80267e64a4ae:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uac3670ca1ba9b146929a80267e64a4ae .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uac3670ca1ba9b146929a80267e64a4ae .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uac3670ca1ba9b146929a80267e64a4ae .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uac3670ca1ba9b146929a80267e64a4ae .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uac3670ca1ba9b146929a80267e64a4ae:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uac3670ca1ba9b146929a80267e64a4ae .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uac3670ca1ba9b146929a80267e64a4ae .uac3670ca1ba9b146929a80267e64a4ae-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uac3670ca1ba9b146929a80267e64a4ae:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Jordanian democracy Essay4DESIGN CONCLUSIONS: When designing this chain drive system one would realize that a no. 40 chain is the best option. In conclusion from engineering this drive system one would realize that using an 8 pitch gear set, they would run into a problem with material selection due to the extremely high contact stress. When designing this system one would realize that a 6 pitch gear seems excessive but the calculations prove that it is needed to obtain a low contact stress so that the gears can be made of a cheaper material and still be able to transmit more power than the 8 pitch gear set would have been able to using high quality steel gears that costs m uch more. Being that this a molten caramel extrusion process and one would conclude that at the end of each operation sequence more than likely this machine will have to be cleaned. The only thing is that you would not want the gears to be washed or even get wet. So, the solution to that is to make a water tight cover out of light steel where the shaft B1 and B2 exit the cover, put sealed bearings so that water can not enter to closed drive system environment. On the opposite side of the extrusion rolls of the over make a hinged seal door for maintenance. The only other things that will stick out of the cover are the hydraulic hoses that operating the compression cylinder. The hydraulic tension lever should be mounted in such an arrangement that the operating can reach easily for adjustment. The system requires no chain guard because the entire drive system is completely enclosed.

Significance of Selling Online Research Paper Example

Significance of Selling Online Paper Selling online can revolutionize your business. An online storefront has a number of very powerful advantages over a brick-and-mortar location that can yield big dividends for surprisingly little investment of time and money. Even if you have a physical shop, an online store can be a big help in marketing your business, as well a being a supplementary sales outlet that can add to your bottom line. The benefits of opening an online store are endless: 1 . Reduce your costs – setup and operational costs are much less than selling from a hysterical store, directly improving your bottom line. There is no rent to pay, you hire less personnel, and so forth. 2. Simplify your sales processes – using simple automation, customer orders can go directly to your products database and into the shipping queue. With a well-designed online store you can improve your sales processes considerably, reducing your costs further or selling more products per transaction. 3. Go global overnight – increase sales opportunities by gaining instant access to a wider marketplace. Sell to the entire country and even abroad! 4. You can sleep but your store never will – with your online shop open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, you increase the number of customers who can shop your selection, further increasing your opportunity for sales. As the internet is growing and increasing on a daily basis and computers being in every home the ability to buy and sell directly online has become the internet number one commodity. We will write a custom essay sample on Significance of Selling Online specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Significance of Selling Online specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Significance of Selling Online specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer People from all countries, cities within Canada, the USA and the rest of the world are buying and selling online. People love shopping but a lot people do not have time to go to a shopping mall, they do not have time to waste riving to and from stores. Online buying and selling is the way to start freeing up more time to do other things with families and friends. The advantages of buying online are that it is quick, prices are usually lower priced, descriptions and comments can be seen by past customers. There is a large number of people buying online and if they are all satisfied you will be too. The advantage of buying online can be that you are not physically able to touch the product and it usually takes a few days for delivery. The advantages of selling online is that you are able to reach a large audience, you are able to sell multiple items at low low costs without having a store and at times without even having a product or service. The disadvantages of selling online is that your customers may find lower prices at other competitors, the internet is a large place and you have to carve out a niche market for you and your online products and services. Selling online has a number of advantages over selling by conventional methods, including: * Making savings in set-up and operational costs. You don’t need to pay shop assistants, rent high-street premises, or answer a lot of pre-sales queries. Reducing order-processing costs – customer orders can automatically come straight into your orders database from the website. * Reaching a global audience, thereby increasing sales opportunities. * Competing with larger businesses by being able to open 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Being able to receive payment more quickly from online transactions. * Attracting customers who would not normally have investigated your type of high-street outlet. * Improving your offerings using the data gathered by tracking customer purchases. * Using your online shop as a catalogue for existing customers. Selling over the internet is not very much different from selling on the counter. It is more or less the same thing. Selling through inter net has lots of challenges and requires lots of efforts and patience. But people think that online business is relatively simple and Just dunk into it. Elf you run your own business, then you probably know that getting customers is not that easy task. It is no different if you are running the business online. Getting customers for your business is always a tedious task. In some of the cases, it is even more difficult to get online business as there eight not be enough traffic on that site. Elf you know how to market your business, you can easily sell online. Then you do not need any web experience or programming knowledge. But you need to have some common sense and need to be a business fanatic. Then, you have the capability to run any type of business. Cost factor is the biggest advantage of selling your products online. The retail space is expensive and the traffic is limited to a local market only. An online store is always cheap and easy to manage. Considering these factors, you cannot afford not to sell online.

School Essays

School Essays School Essays School Essays: A Perfect Bargain School essays are things, which spoil fun and interesting school life of any student and keep them away of sleeping calmly at nights. A lot of students just hate writing school essays as this task demands some particular academic writing and research skills and much hard work as well. In order to write even the most simple school essays one needs to spend at least several days working, searching, researching, analyzing, arranging. That is why many students apply to the custom essays writing services in order to buy their school essays. With the help of any custom essay writing site, it is possible to order school essays in order not to spend your time and your nerves to write school essays, which you hate to write. Our site is not an exception. With the help of our site, you can order school essays on any topic you need. As only professionals work in our essay writing team, all the orders we complete always win the highest grades. Thanks to the experience of our writers, we are able to cope with any deadlines. Moreover, if you like writing school essays by your own, however, you need some additional help, our site is also here to help you. You can find anything you need to write the best school essays: citations, sayings, proverbs, and even samples of school essays free of charge are available for you to use and enjoy. It is very useful to read different school essays written by some other authors. While reading, you may get a perception of what you need to write in your own school essays. Especially, if you come across school essays free, which are presented for your convenience at our site, you may read as many samples as you want to as they are given to you free of charge. Proofreading school essays are one more option we offer to you if you write your school essays without someones help. As a rule, when a person reads his or her own school essays, it is too difficult to notice the mistakes. However, when a professional with the sharp eye reads school essays, he or she finds all the existing mistakes and corrects them. That is why it is but necessary to proofread ready school essays: You see, our site can be very useful for you. Enjoy the high level of servicing and our low prices. Where else will you be able to find such a perfect bargain? Read also: Research Paper no Plagiarism Research Paper Example 10 Page Term Paper 3,000 Words Term Paper SFU Great Term Paper school essays school essays The work of art that I have chosen is from ancient Babylon, which is believed to have been located where Iran is located today. This Babylonian art is actually a panel from a wall that led from the inner city through the Gate of Ishtar to the House of the New Years Festival (Bit Akitu). Here is where the people came to worship their gods, Adad and Marduk. The street was the most important in all of Babylon and was called the Processional Way. All along the wall that led to the House, were glazed figures of striding lions. This relief of a lion is associated with the goddess of love and war, Ishtar. This is odd in itself, as the lion is definitely a male. The wall was made of molded glazed bricks of multiple colors. The lion is glazed in what appears to be gold, but is probably yellow. The mouth of the lion is open, perhaps he is growling. As stated previously, he is striding or walking. He has a full, flowing mane and a long tail. This figure is repeated along the wall as a guide for the processional from the Gate of Ishtar to the Bit Akitu. This panel tells me that the people of this era were intelligent. This striding lion is not painted onto the wall; it is actually part of the wall. This means that the bricks were molded into the form of the lion. In addition, this panel reflects the dedication that the Babylonians had to their religion. Their religion must have been an integral part of their lives for them to spend so much time, money and effort to create works of art that represented their gods. They definitely didnt have the technology that we have today, so it must have taken years to create these panels. It also indicates that the religion was not separate from the government, as King Nebuchadnezzar created this great empire of Babylon and all structures would have been authorized by him. It is amazing what one piece of art from a civil...

Want a Summer Job Head to Orlando

Want a Summer Job Head to Orlando Are  you looking for a good summer gig or know a teenager, young adult, student, or new grad who is? The job market for this age bracket is a tough one- there’s  an unfortunate trend toward unpaid internships for younger workers, and lately adults have been overloading the service industry. But research suggests that the top market out of 150 large U.S. markets for summer employment is actually sunny Orlando, FL, home of Mickey and Minnie! Orlando scored this ranking across a survey of 21 key metrics, including access to public transport and the level of the minimum wage, but notably came in third in availability of summer jobs. Scotsdale, AZ, and Ft. Lauderdale, FL, came in second and third, respectively.Orlando has the most part-time job openings per 1,000  people in the youngest age group in their labor force- they get about a 4% bump in summer employment, which is hard to beat almost anywhere else.So hone in on the summer tourism industry (thank you Walt Disney Resor t and Universal) and look no further for summer employment opportunities and internships. It’s often very hard work, particularly at Disney, but it’s decent paying work and it’s ready and waiting for you.What’s the worst place, you might ask? The WalletHub survey named Moreno Valley, CA, as everything Orlando wasn’t- and worst for summer jobs. They have a high unemployment rate for that same 16-24 age group, with many living below the poverty line, and zero bump in employment numbers for the summer.So if you need a summer job and can’t find one where you live? Try Orlando. APPLY HERE

Criminal justice Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Criminal justice - Thesis Example This analyzes the effectiveness and the accountability of a program, and whether it works or not. The following essay will discuss the elements of Municipal Police training program and how it can be evaluated. The program is offered in very many criminal justice institutions and it provides skills in enforcing law in townships, municipalities and cities. The course, which requires around 700 hours to be completed, is quite extensive but has certain modules that are common in all institutions. Recruits start by undertaking legal studies and social sciences, and their relation to the current social, ethical and political affairs. This is followed by a period of technical and physical training under a specialist which ends with an evaluation report about each recruit. The recruits are then upgraded with skills in their line of work like human relations, crisis management, operation of motor vehicles and firearms, among others (Criminal Justice Training Center, 2007-2013). The program requires that the prospective students be physically and psychologically fit. These are proved through a health examination. The applicants should also have a clean criminal background. There are a number of evaluation models and approaches that can be used to analyze the effects of this program. Some of the variables that can be put under consideration is the manner in which the police carry out their daily activities, how they manage crisis, how they handle law breakers and their readiness and preparedness to acts of crime and violence. Behavioral approach is one of them, and this focuses on the objectives, whether they have been achieved or not. The main objectives of the program, as stated earlier are to develop professional skills in handling issues concerning crime and justice. This evaluation can be done by observing the changes in the behavior of the recruits during training, and after training. This information can be obtained from the reports written by the

Assignment 4-3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assignment 4-3 - Essay Example This situation had grown to the extent that the older employee was experiencing difficulty reaching his previously set quality of work, and his worsened moods meant that the general work-place environment was affected. Other co-workers did identify the situation, and were also affected as they had to interact with both. It was identified that the older employee claimed that he had no issue with any religious affiliation or doctrine; but felt that religion should be personal, and should not overpower one's behavior and style of speaking at work; since the work-place is a multicultural atmosphere. He felt that having to constantly hear religious metaphors reduced the professional element of the work-place. The younger employee on the other hand confessed to find great strength and inspiration from religion. He claimed that he never meant to hurt anyone's sensibilities but the religious metaphors were understood easily by all, and helped him make his point. He also believed that there w as no harm in using religious metaphors to promote positive and productive attitudes. Given the situation where neither is at fault, but the matter is more of a clash between personal attitudes, it was difficult to arrive at a solution easily.

Theories Of Delinquency Essay Example for Free

Theories Of Delinquency Essay Deviant behavior is behavior that is a recognized violation of social norms. Formal and informal social controls attempt to prevent and minimize deviance. One such control is through the medicalization of deviance. Acting upon certain discriminatory facts or problems. It is not the act itself, but the reactions to the act, that make something deviant. Crime, the violation of formally enacted law, is formal deviance while an informal social violation such as picking ones nose is an example of informal deviance. It also means not doing what the majority does or alternatively doing what the majority does not do. For instance, behaviors caused by cultural difference can be seen as deviance. It does not necessarily mean criminal behavior. An example of a group considered deviant in the modern United States is the Ku Klux Klan. Milder examples include punks and goths. I have chosen two sociological theories namely differential association and conflict theory.   On the other hand I also chose psychoanalytic theory and learning theory under psychological theories. Sociological Theories Differential association Also known as Social Learning Theory, it explains deviance as a learned behavior. The most important variables in this theory are the age of the learner of deviance, the quality of contact between the learner and the deviant role model, and the relationship between the learner and the deviant model. It does a great job of explaining how children grow up to become law-breakers or juvenile offenders, but it suffers from a paradox. If all deviance is learned from a teacher, and the teacher learned from their teacher, how did the first teachers learn to be deviant? In criminology, Differential Association is a theory developed by Edwin Sutherland proposing that through interaction with others, individuals learn the values, attitudes, techniques, and motives for criminal behavior. The Differential Association Theory is the most talked about of the Interactionist theory of deviance. This theory focuses on how individuals learn how to become criminals, but does not concern itself with why they become criminals. They learn how to commit criminal acts; they learn motives, drives, rationalizations, and attitudes. It grows socially easier for the individuals to commit a crime. Their inspiration is the processes of cultural transmission and construction. Sutherland had developed the idea of the self as a social construct, like when a persons self-image is continuously being reconstructed especially when interacting with other people. This theory stated that an individual commits deviant acts because of his motives, interests, drives and even attitudes.   Now let me apply this theory to the three deviant acts. Breaking and entering a home is an example of this. The individual will do such act if there is motive, for example getting valuable things in order to get his goal. His goal is maybe revenge or just plain theft. Another deviant behavior is carjacking, if the individual’s goal is to use that particular act in unlawful acts. An individual will do such act for self satisfaction. If an individual grew up in a community wherein deviant behavior can be seen all over he might commit the same deviant acts such as shoplifting. For example, if only this ct will supply all the needs of the individual. Conflict theory Conflict theorists generally see deviance as a result of conflict between individuals and groups. The theoretical orientation contributes to labeling theory in that it explains that those with power create norms and label deviants. Deviant behavior is actions that do not go along with the socially prescribed worldview of the powerful, and is often a result of the present social structure preventing the minority group access to scarce resources. Since it explains deviance as a reaction due to conflict between groups and individuals due to scarce resources, it does a great job of explaining deviance by poor citizens, etc. However, it does not do such an excellent job in explaining white-collar crime. This theory also states that the powerful define crime. This begs the question, whom is this theory functional to? In this theory, laws are instruments of oppression. In other words, tough on the powerless and less tough on the powerful. In sociology, conflict theory states that the society or organization functions so that each individual participant and its groups struggle to maximize their benefits, which inevitably contributes to social change such as changes in politics and revolutions. The theory is mostly applied to explain conflict between social classes, proletarian versus bourgeoisie; and in ideologies such as capitalism versus socialism. The theory attempts to refute functionalism, which considers that societies and organization function so that each individual and group plays a specific role, like organs in the body. There are radical basic assumptions (society is eternally in conflict, which might explain social change), or moderate ones (custom and conflict are always mixed). The moderate version allows for functionalism to operate as an equally acceptable theory since it would accept that even negative social institutions play a part in societys self-perpetuation. In understanding conflict theory, social class competition plays a key part. The following are four primary assumptions of modern conflict theory: Competition. Competition over scarce resources (money, leisure, sexual partners, and so on) is at the heart of all social relationships. Competition rather than consensus is characteristic of human relationships. Structural inequality. Inequalities in power and reward are built into all social structures. Individuals and groups that benefit from any particular structure strive to see it maintained. Revolution. Change occurs as a result of conflict between social class competing interests rather than through adaptation. It is often abrupt and revolutionary rather than evolutionary. War. Even war is a unifier of the societies involved, as well as war may set an end to whole societies. Conflict theory is mostly applied to explain conflict between social classes, proletarian versus bourgeoisie; and in ideologies such as capitalism versus socialism.   Let me take the four primary assumptions of modern conflict theory in applying this theory to the three deviant acts. Competition The individual might indulge in shoplifting if the resources are not well distributed to the society, or if there is scarcity. Breaking and entering a home also occurs because of the existence of conflict between social classes. The lower class may do this act for him to get things that he cannot buy. Structural inequality Carjacking may exist because of this. Inequalities in power and wealth are one reason why people do such act.   Before a car is just leisure but times goes by, it becomes a need to people.   Cars nowadays have become a status symbol.   Some people indulge into this act in order to supplement other deviant act like kidnapping and others. Psychological Theories Psychological theories of crime begin with the view that individual differences in behavior may make some people more predisposed to committing criminal acts. These differences may arise from personality characteristics, biological factors, or social interactions. Psychoanalytic Theory According to Sigmund Freud (1856-1939), who is credited with the development of psychoanalytic theory, all humans have natural drives and urges repressed in the unconscious. Furthermore, all humans have criminal tendencies. Through the process of socialization, however, these tendencies are curbed by the development of inner controls that are learned through childhood experience. Freud hypothesized that the most common element that contributed to criminal behavior was faulty identification by a child with her or his parents. The improperly socialized child may develop a personality disturbance that causes her or him to direct antisocial impulses inward or outward. The child who directs them outward becomes a criminal, and the child that directs them inward becomes a neurotic. Let us now take a look at sociological theories.   The first one is psychoanalytic theory, Sigmund Freud contented that all humans have criminal tendencies.   These tendencies may become reality because of different instances. Let me now apply this theory to the three deviant acts. Breaking and entering a home may depend on the family orientation. If the child is aware that it is the job of his father, sooner or later the child may also do the same act. It is mentioned that Freud saw all human behavior as motivated by the drives or instincts, which in turn are the neurological representations of physical needs. At first, he referred to them as the life instincts. These instincts perpetuate the life of the individual, by motivating him or her to seek food and water. If the individual is jobless and doesn’t have the money to buy food, the individual may shoplift in order to overcome hunger. He also mentioned that the unconscious is the source of our motivations. An individual may get involve into carjacking because of his friends but unconsciously, he has the inner desire to drive new and expensive cars. Learning Theory Learning theory is based upon the principles of behavioral psychology. Behavioral psychology posits that a persons behavior is learned and maintained by its consequences, or reward value. These consequences may be external reinforcement that occurs as a direct result of their behavior (e.g. money, social status, and goods), vicarious reinforcement that occurs by observing the behavior of others (e.g. observing others who are being reinforced as a result of their behavior), and self-regulatory mechanisms (e.g. people responding to their behavior). According to learning theorists, deviant behavior can be eliminated or modified by taking away the reward value of the behavior. Hans J. Eysenck, a psychologist that related principles of behavioral psychology to biology, postulated that by way of classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and modeling people learn moral preferences. Classical conditioning refers to the learning process that occurs as a result of pairing a reliable stimulus with a response. Eysenck believes, for example, that over time a child who is consistently punished for inappropriate behavior will develop an unpleasant physiological and emotional response whenever they consider committing the inappropriate behavior. The anxiety and guilt that arise from this conditioning process result in the development of a conscience. He hypothesizes, however, that there is wide variability among people in their physiological processes, which either increase or decrease their susceptibility to conditioning and adequate socialization. The second one is the learning theory. Let us apply this theory to the following deviant acts. A shoplifter do such acts because in the end he is being rewarded, he may eat the food he shoplifted or even sell materials he got from the store. By means of this he is also earning money. Another deviant act is breaking and entering a home because the individual has observed the same acts from his peers. Behaviorists say that learning has to be represented by a permanent change in behavior; in contrast social learning theorists say that because people can learn through observation alone, their learning may not necessarily be shown in their performance. Learning may or may not result in a behavior change. A good example of this carjacking, the individual may learn how these acts do by merely observing and eventually he may do it and be rewarded by this act. References:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Deviant Behavior. Wikipedia the free Encyclopedia. (2006). Retrieved November 17,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2006 from Wikipedia.com:   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deviant_behavior   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sociology of deviance. Wikipedia the free Encyclopedia. (2006). Retrieved November   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   17, 2006 from Wikipedia.com: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociology_of_deviance   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Differential Association. Wikipedia the free Encyclopedia. (2006). Retrieved November   Ã‚  Ã‚   17, 2006 from Wikipedia.com:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_association   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Conflict Theory. Wikipedia the free Encyclopedia. (2006). Retrieved November   Ã‚  Ã‚   17, 2006 from Wikipedia.com: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflict_theory   Ã‚  Ã‚     Flowe, Heather. Psychological Theories of Crime. (1996). Retrieved November 17, 2006   Ã‚     Ã‚  http://psy.ucsd.edu/~hflowe/psych.htm   Ã‚  Ã‚     Boeree, C. George. Sigmund Freud (1997). Retrieved November 19, 2006.   Ã‚     Ã‚  http://www.ship.edu/~cgboeree/freud.html   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Social Learning Theory. Retrieved November 19, 2006.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://teachnet.edb.utexas.edu/~lynda_abbott/Social.html

Essay --

Illinois Italian beef sandwich Watermelon green onion mint salad *5 cups  ¾-to 1-inch cubed seeded watermelon *1 cup chopped green onions *3 tablespoons fresh chopped mint *3 tablespoons fresh chopped Italian parsley *1 ½ tablespoon finely chopped seeded deveined jalapeno chilies *1/4-cup olive oil *2 tablespoons champagne vinegar Combine watermelon, green onions, mint parsley, and chilies in a large bowl. Whisk oil and vinegar in a small bowl to blend. Pour dressing over watermelon mixture; toss to coat. Season salad with salt and pepper to taste. Grilled potato rounds FLAT GRILL WOK *Potatoes *Olive oil *Thyme *Marjoram *Rosemary Wash off the potatoes and dry them. Slice them into rounds, about a 1/3-inch thick. Put into a large zip lock bag. Add the olive oil, thyme, marjorum, and rosemary. Mix well. Let sit to marinate until ready to grill. Grill off of direct flames until golden brown on both sides. Serve. Salted caramel gold rush apple bite *Gold rush apples *Caramel *Sea salt *Tooth picks Cut the apples into one-inch cubes and put a toothpick in each cube. Melt the caramel according to the package. Dip each apple piece into the caramel and set on parchment paper. Sprinkle sea salt on each cube. Let set to dry. Serve.â€Æ' Indiana Pork Meatball *2 lb. ground pork *1 lb. ground beef *2 eggs *1 ½ cups breadcrumbs *1-cup applesauce *Cavenders *Salt *Pepper Mix all ingredients thoroughly. Shape into  ½ inch balls and place on a cookie sheet sprayed with non-stick spray. Bake at 350Ëš for 40 minutes. Reheat on grill to brown. Sauce * Two 15oz cans tomato sauce *6oz can tomato paste * ½ cup Gnarly Dudes Shiraz * ½ cup vinegar cider *1 ½ Brown sugar *Juice of 3 fresh lemons *1 tbsp. garlic powder *1 tsp. ground black pepper *1 tbs... ... *Powder sugarâ€Æ' Rutgers Ham tortilla roll ups Pico salsa **Poppy seed blueberry salad Salted nut bars *â€Æ' Wisconsin Brats with sauerkraut Pasta salad * Spinach salad with cranberries Cheese cakes bites with raspberry sauce *2 (8 oz.) cans refrigerated crescent roil dough *2 (8 oz.) packages cream cheese *1 c. white sugar *1 tsp. vanilla extract *1/2 c. margarine, melted *1/4 c. white sugar *1 tsp. ground cinnamon Preheat oven to 350Ëš. Grease 9x13-in. pan. Press on can of the crescent rolls into the bottom of the prepared pan. In medium bowl, mix together cream cheese, 1 c. sugar, and vanilla until creamy. Spread over crescent rolls. Unroll the second can of rolls and lay them over the top. Do not press down. Pour the melted margarine over the pan. Combine the  ¼ c. sugar and the cinnamon and sprinkle over the top. Bake for 25-30 minutes or until golden brown.

Recent Salary top ups Controversies in Ireland Essay

Of late, the issue concerning salary has been very controversial in Ireland. Early this year, some controversies relating to salary top-ups at charities have erupted in Ireland leading to a total damage threatening the sector. As a result of these controversies, few issues which are hazardous to the sector have emerged. Researchers and stakeholders have been worried by issues such as duration and the extent to which these issues will last and their relative impacts to various charities. There are some charities in the country specifically identified as donations or other funding sources that are used in improving executives’ salaries. As a result of these issues, majority of innocent bystanders are likely to experience a negative impact based on guilt by association. The question that majority are asking themselves is, what the future holds and how they can improve it. The research paper is mainly structured into two main categories that are used in describing the structure of the project. The first part involves the research part of the project. While the second part captures the application involving techniques and the methods used when carrying out the research. However, the first part enhances the researcher’s understanding on the recent controversies relating to salary top-ups at charities in Ireland and the emerging issues. It comprises of research definition, strategy, design and methodology used to provide a clear understanding of the report. The second part covers the broader part of the report taking the application approach. This part includes the sampling methods applied, instruments used in the research, the proposed data analysis techniques, the budget and timeline for the research estimates. Since the start of the year 2014 and slightly there before, the issue relating to top-ups salary controversy has rampantly emerged in Ireland. The issue concerning the recent controversies made majority of Irish people to become less likely to donate to charity. This is according to the latest report of Ipsos, Irish times and MRBI opinion poll. The poll also discovered that voting age population brought a total opposition. They are opposing the practice of using donations in paying top-ups of the executives’ salaries in the charity sector (Scarrow 2009: pp.193-210). The Irish government discovered that this move will negatively affect the sector and cause a negative experience to the innocent bystanders. Majority of citizens are unwilling to support the sector and thus threatening to cancel their donations. The call for yhe research project was to address the issue and discover its future prosperity and strategize on how to improve it. 1. Research definition                     Research comprises of an undertaken creative work on a systematic basis with an aim of increasing the stock of knowledge (Valbuena 2009: p.27). It includes the knowledge of a given scenario, society and culture, and the use of such knowledge to devise new applications. It is used to confirm or establish facts, reaffirm the previous work results, solve existing or new problems and support theorems. A research project can take the form of an expansion on past field work. Research takes different forms such as scientific research, research in the humanities, and artistic research. Scientific research involves application of scientific methods to harness curiosity. It gives scientific theories and information that explains properties and the nature of a given scenario. Research concerned with humanities involves methods such as semiotics and hermeneutics. It a form of research that explores details and issues surrounding a scenario, but not searching for an ultimate correct answer to a question. Artistic research also referred to as ‘practice-based research’ takes form when creative work is put into consideration both the research object and the research itself. The recent controversies in Ireland concerning salary top-ups are humanitarian issues. Research in the humanities is the best form of research used as it entails details and issues surrounding a scenario, but not giving a specific answer to a question. Other methods were excluded on the basis that they are not based on exploring a scenario. Through the research carried out, it was discovered that 96% of the respondents opposed the use of donations to top-up the salaries of the executives. The remaining had different stands as 2% felt it was acceptable while the other 2% had no opinion. The research spanned all regions, classes and party affiliations. On the issue concerning charity, 69% withdrew their likelihood of donating, 23% argued that it will make no difference, 4% found the question irrelevant as they do not contribute and 4% had no opinion. There was a similar response from people in all regions, classes, and supporters of groupings and political parties. The research was con ducted for two days using a representative sample of 1,000 voters from all constituencies. 1.1 Drop in donations                     The research confirmed that Ireland fundraising professionals were claiming that there was a drop of 40% in the charity donations. This was as a result of top-up payments controversy (Harvey 2012: pp.2008-2012). The umbrella professional fundraisers group claimed that they were constantly receiving phone calls from people who wanted to cancel their donations. Anne Hanniffy the HSE Chief Executive Officer, argued that salaries top-ups using donations was having a devastating effect on the sector. She claimed that revelations were a â€Å"million miles† from experiences and activities of most organizations, but it revealed that all charities were tarred using the same brush. This scenario brings the most serious period that the Irish non-profit sector is facing. Organizations are extremely concerned that people who are least able to survive without their support like disabled people, sick children and needy families will be most affected by the existing crisis. Despite the organizational opinions concerning the existing crisis of salary top-ups, Health Service Executives (HSE) and other organizations called upon the government to address the issue (Moran 2012: pp.137-147). Mr. Bell also warned the government that if this issue of pay top-ups was not addressed on equitable basis, it would bring a lot of challenges when trying to address different reforms. Different arguments has risen in Ireland concerning the controversial issue of salary top-ups using donations. The head of Ireland fundraising claimed that HSE used just a small portion of charities to meet its executives salary. She argued that top-up payments were not an issue as they totally relied on fundraising. She also claimed that it was difficult to reveal whether the recent surrounding controversy will have an effect to the sector. Central Remedial Clinic (CRC) confirmed that they have been recently using public donations to top-up their executives’ salaries. They are given financial support by a separate company known as supporters and friends of Central Remedial Clinic. 2. Research strategy                     A research strategy refers to a plan of action that gives direction to a person’s effort, thus enabling one to conduct a systematic research (Denzin 2010: pp.1-28). It involves discovering new ideas, thinking actively concerning the ideas and working with them. On a research strategy, a researcher may use the existing information and draw up his or her own conclusions, integrate and synthesize original ideas concerning the current scenario. Research strategies are of different forms such as non experimental that has no explicit manipulation, and experimental which manipulates some factors of a given issue. The Irish scenario applies experimental strategy as there are some factors surrounding the situation. They need to be manipulated and come with solutions to the existing issues. Non experimental is excluded on the basis that it does not allow factor manipulation. In a labor party national conference held at Killarney, social protection minis ter’s daughter Ms Burton revealed that donated funds used by CRC to top-up salaries was â€Å"extremely disturbing† (Edwards 2009: pp.595-615). During the meeting, Ms Burton demanded some issues to be made clear. Some of the issues to be manipulated include organizations to come out and clarify the disclosed issues, CRC to provide its fundraising details and their addition sources of income, lastly CRC was expected to give an account of how they have spent that money. She also emphasized that the public needed an assurance that their money generously donated to charities were used for the correct purpose. The internal audit carried out last year concerning HSE revealed that almost â‚ ¬250, 000 was spent annually (Crilly 2013: p.8). The money was used to cater for allowances of six senior executives, in addition to their state-funded salaries. These allowances utilized by the CRC were termed as unauthorized and that they have breached the pay policy of the public sector. The clinic has also been accused of misusing the funds donated to vulnerable adults and children. The company had â‚ ¬ 14 million in total funds at the end of year 2011 when it stopped giving services to the less privileged in the society. Instead of directing the money to the children and adult care, the clinic invested the money on capital projects. On the issue regarding salaries of the senior organizational members, the clinic revealed that since 2009, they agreed with HSE to increase the salaries of 9 individuals at the management level. 3. Research methodology and design                     Methodology refers to a systematic, theoretical analysis of the applied methods to a field of study (Eiben 2012: pp.582-587). It, typically and encompasses concepts like theoretical model, paradigm, phases and qualitative or quantitative techniques. It is not set to provide solutions but to provide a theoretical underpinning for elaborating the best method can be used. On the other hand, research design is the overall strategy chosen to integrate different study components in a logical and a coherent way (Parahoo 2010: p.142). It ensures effective ways of addressing the research problem. It is the blueprint for the measurement, collection and data analysis. Research design is broadly categorized into descriptive research, exploratory research, Qualitative research and non-experimental research. 3.1 Exploratory research                     Polit et al (2011: p.19) argued that explorative research is carried out when investigating a new area or when a little information is known about the area of interest. It is used to investigate nature of a phenomenon and other related factors. 3.2 Descriptive research                     According to Grove and Burns (2009: p.201), it is a form of research designed to reveal a picture of a given scenario as it happens naturally. It can be used to justify recent practices, make judgments and develop theories. 3.3 Qualitative research                     According to Grove and Burns (2009: p.19), it is a systematic subjective approach applied to describe situations and life experiences. It is also a form of social enquiry focusing on how people make and interpret sense of their experience and their living world. 3.4 Non-experimental research                     It is used in studies with an aim of describing a situation where it is unethical for independent variables to be manipulated (Polit 2009: p.178). It is a suitable research of studying people in nursing sector. The research project concerning the recent scenario in Ireland applied exploratory research. It is used by researchers when they want to produce hypotheses of what is happening in a situation. The recent controversies concerning salary top-up in Ireland needs to be explored. This will minimize the existing misappropriation of funds between organizations and their senior management. Some of the organizations like CRC have been misusing donations contributed to help vulnerable people in the society to other projects. The other research designs were excluded by the fact that the scenario required exploration but not coming up with a specific answer. 4. Sampling methods                     They are classified as either non probability or probability. In a probability case, each item of the population has a non-zero probability of being selected. It involves random sampling, stratified sampling, and systematic sampling. Non probability sampling includes convenience sampling, judgment sampling, snowball sampling and quota sampling. The research based on the recent controversies in Ireland took a stratified sampling. In this form, a subset of population is selected who are believed to have at least one characteristic in common. The research was carried out in specific areas where people with similar characteristics are expected to disclose certain information. For instance, in the labor party national conference held at Killarney, CRC senior management were ordered to disclose their sources of finance and money obtained through donations. They were also to give an account of how they have spent that money. Other alternatives were excluded as the scenario involved a specific group but not the whole population. 5. Instruments used in the research                     An instrument refers to a generic term used by researchers for a measurement device that may be in form of a test, survey, questionnaire, interview, a set of guidelines for observation, or a research tool (Voss 2012: pp.195-219). In the Ireland scenario of salaries top-ups controversies, some different research instruments have been put into consideration. During the background research, questionnaires and interview were applied when obtaining people’s opinions concerning the recent issue. An interview was also carried out when CRC senior management was requested to give an account of how they have spent donated money. 6. Proposed techniques in data analysis                     Data analysis refers to a process of cleaning, inspecting, transforming, and data modeling. This is carried out with an aim of discovering useful information, coming up with conclusions, and supporting the process of decision making (Gorski 2009: p.759). It is a multiple approaches and facets, encompassing different techniques under a variety of names. Data analysis is done using two major techniques namely univariate and multivariate analysis. Multivariate analysis is the proposed technique for the research project. This technique gives a wider variety of opinions as it involves multiple measurements. Univariate is excluded on the bases that it is focused on a single variable and the research involves different variables. 7. Estimated budget and timeline for the research                     Every research project needs to be economical and timely. The above research is estimated to take at least 3-4months. This will facilitate quick actions being taken to address the issues surrounding the charity sector before it collapses. The project will be more economical considering the existing financial issues in the countries. Considering all matters at hand, the project has an estimated budget of â‚ ¬1.2 million. In conclusion, the recent controversies in Ireland need to be addressed urgently before the whole charity sector collapses. Research has revealed that majority of the Irish citizens are unwilling to continue supporting the sector. The move to top-up executives’ salaries has made people to lose hope with the sector. Many organizations such as CRC have taken the advantage of the issue to divert vulnerable money to capital projects. A global humanitarian assistance report of July 2010 ranked the country as the fourth most generous in per citizen donations. To maintain this, the government needs to take substantive actions to solve the problem. References Eiben, G. M., Hammond, S., & Schaw, C. (2012). Research methods in psychology. London: Sage Publications. Valbuena, J., & Shaver, P. R. (2009). Handbook of attachment: theory, research, and clinical applications (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press. Parahoo, W. K. (2010). E-learning by design (2nd ed.). San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer. Mann, T. (2010). The Oxford guide to library research (3rd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. Denzin, R., & Kumar, R. (2010). The long view from Delhi: to define the Indian grand strategy for foreign policy. New Delhi: Academic Foundation in association with Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations. Northern Ireland;. (2009). London: Labour Party. Symposium programme. (2011). Dublin: Central Remedial Clinic. Harvey, C. H. (2012). The act for the more effectual application of charitable donations and bequests in Ireland: (7 & 8 Victoria, cap. xcvii) : with explanatory notes on the several sections. London: J.W. Parker. Voss, B. G. (2012). Discourse as a normative instrument analysis of mental illness on a disability services discussion list. Columbia, Mo.: University of Missouri-Columbia. Gorski, W. L. (2009). Microsoft ® Excel Data Analysis and Business Modeling. New York: O’Reilly Media, Inc. Grove, E.& Burn, R . (2009). Adventures in social research: data analysis using IBM SPSS statistics (7th ed.). Los Angeles: Pine Forge Press. Polit et al. (2011). Collaborative interdisciplinary team teaching in Japan a study of practitioner and student perspectives. Australia: Macquarie University. Source document

All State Case Study Essay

How does a company known for being conservative attract a non-conservative target market? Since being the founded in 1931, Allstate has been one of the leading companies in the insurance business acting as a leader in sales while remaining vocal about increasing safety processes. Starting in the 1960’s Allstate began promoting the customers safety by playing a role in convincing governments to make seatbelts mandatory and then again in the 70’s to 80’s in promoting airbags. Allstate’s motto â€Å"You’re in good hands† along with their ability to remain in a positive public light for many years has provided the confidence customers want in an insurance company. Allstate offers many types of insurance including home, rental, auto, life in addition to various recreational vehicles, motorcycles included. Slide 3-29 Estimating Current Demand: Total Market Potential With 9 million motorcyclists registered in this country this became a market that Allstate developed a heightened interested in targeting. After initial data collection they determined that they only provided insurance to a single digit percentage of this market. They began their campaign by simply trying to create awareness that they sold motorcycle insurance. The number of registered motorcyclists along with registered bikes would allow Allstate to help determine their total market potential. As many motorcyclists own multiple bikes this would need to be accounted for in estimating the potential number of buyers. Industry sales would then need to be looked at as not every motorcycle owner purchases motorcycle insurance, whether they are currently not using their bike or due to a disbelief in the need for insurance in general. This additional data could also be provided from surveys of buyer’s intentions targeted at those with a motorcycle license or those who have recently purchased a motorcycle. Slide 3-7 Database Management Marketing and selling insurance is very different beast from marketing retail products. Retail products typically can be marketed to offer something new to an individual that they don’t already have or to replace their current stuff with a newer versions. On the contrary once a customer has purchased insurance they do not make a change until they are either unhappy or a new offer is enticing enough to attract a customer to switch providers. Due to Allstate current customer profile they already have the ability to reach out, collect data and market to their 1.5 million motorcycle owners who were already clients for other types of insurance. (Elliot, 2008) By providing a package deal with other insurance policies purchased through Allstate they are able to market internally and increase sales to those that are already loyal customers. Slide 3-11 Needs and Trends As times have changed and gas prices continue to rise, along with our population, consumers have begun to switch from the larger vehicles to more gas efficient choices that allows them the freedom to commute in the car pool lane. Motorcyclists who initially rode solely for pleasure began using their more cost effective motorcycles as part of their daily commute. These factors have played a role in the increasing trend of motorcycle sales for the past decade. As these sales have remained elevated, this market has solidified its move to become a predictable and durable trend rather than a fad. Due to the concern that our current primary fuel source, oil, is finite and nonrenewable, we face substantial cost increases as depletion approaches. (Kotler & Keller, 2012) As the population continues to grow our highways also become more congested, increasing our commute time. In most Asian countries, with some of the more dense populations the main individual vehicle choice is the motorcycle. (Ing, H. T.-P., Eng, A.F.M.S. & Ing, N.X.D, 2008) In time we may see our country following this trend and this may eventually transform our transportation industry resulting in motorcycle sales becoming a Mega Trend. Slide 3-21 Natural Environments As of Motorcycle Industry Council’s most recent report, scooter sales are up 11.8% and dual-purpose bike sales are up 14.2%. (MIC, 2012) With the purchase of any of these types of bikes also comes a need for motorcycle insurance. The target population for these types of bikes are individuals looking for fuel efficiency, commute cost savings while still choosing a comfortable, more visible motorcycle or a less aggressive scooter. This target population fits into the Allstate’s current philosophy focusing on safety. Allstate’s website promotes the use of safety gear while riding and offers a good rider discount. According to the case study the increased sales are also accounted to the Baby Boomers and Generation Y consumers. Both these generations respond well to living green and are highly environmentally conscious along with image conscious. (Williams, K.K & Page, R.A) Slides: 4-11 Research Approaches, 4-30 Contact Methods & 4-31 Pro’s and Con’s of Online Research On the realization that this was an untapped market, Allstate did a wonderful job at reaching out to motorcyclists and determining how to target this population. Firstly, as Allstate found many of their staff were motorcycle riders themselves which allowed Allstate to start with their own internal focus groups. They then began their own website which was targeted exclusively to motorcycles in addition to sponsoring motorcycle rallies. (Helm, B. 2007) Motorcyclists are a tight community and communicate a great deal now through internet forums. Allstate has begun to play a role in this by providing their own forum and including their own employees. This provides them the ability to communicate directly with their consumers through a quick, cost efficient method. This also allows them to target individuals who are at a high likelihood of becoming potential customers and increases their ability to run quick surveys, whether determining user’s intention to buy or their opinion of Allstate versus other insurance providers. The other contact method that they have used in their sponsorship of motorcycle rallies has worked very well for Allstate’s competitor, Progressive. Progressive has been a longtime sponsor of the International Motorcycle Shows which allows them to advertise directly on their website and they makes them the first booth each visitor sees on attending the show. Immediately on arrival each visitor receives a business card to scan for free prizes which include various types of merchandise with Progressive’s logo. This marketing strategy has increased consumer association with their company name when asked where to buy motorcycle insurance. Allstate’s steps to enter the growing Motorcycle industry has not happened overnight however as it continues to grow their sales are likely to expand as well with their ability to attract the new conservative motorcyclists.

Genetically Modified Food Essay Example

Genetically Modified Food Essay Example Genetically Modified Food Paper Genetically Modified Food Paper Definition: Genetically engineered (GE) food refers to any product containing or derived from GMOs. Most recently, biotech companies have inserted herbicide-resistance genes into wheat, fish genes into strawberries, human genes into fish and pharmaceuticals like birth control into corn. Genetically modified food refers to the origin of food from genetically modified organisms, produced by genetic engineer. History: Scientists first discovered that DNA can transfer between organisms in 1946. The first genetically modified plant was produced in 1983, using an antibiotic-resistant tobacco plant. In 1994, the transgenic  Flavr Savr  tomato was approved by the FDA for marketing in the US the modification allowed the tomato to delay ripening afterScientist experimenting food picking. In the early 1990s, recombinant chymosin was approved for use in several countries, replacing rennet in cheese-making. In the US in 1995, the following transgenic crops received marketing approval:  canola  with modified oil composition (Calgene),  Bacillus thuringiensis  (Bt) corn/maize (Ciba-Geigy), cotton resistant to the herbicide  bromoxynil  (Calgene),  Bt cotton  (Monsanto), Bt potatoes (Monsanto), soybeans resistant to the herbicide  glyphosate  (Monsanto), virus-resistant squash (Monsanto-Asgrow), and additional delayed ripening tomatoes (DNAP, Zeneca/Peto, and Monsanto). In 2000, with the creation of  golden rice, scientists genetically modified food to increase its nutrient value for the first time. Advantages of Genetically Modified Food Figure Naturally grown food Genetic modification  can produce larger, hardier, tastier, and more nutritious foods. For example, Strawberries are sweeter, less acidic flavor; Soybeans have higher protein content, making them more nutritious for livestock and humans. Better production in lesser time, thereby providing food for more people. Have an increased resistance to spoilage with a better shelf life thus can be transported long distances better shelf life. : They are potentially non-allergenic. Provides medicine and vitamin deficiency. For instance, scientists have discovered Golden rice containing to support deficiency of vitamin A causing blindness for half of the world population who live on rice. Naturally grown food consumed by a kid Provide more resistance to diseases. Nowadays, plants can be genetically modified to be better able to survive abiotic extremes, such as frosty temperatures, heat waves, droughts, and poor soil chemistries. Provides an increased production of eggs, milk and meat. More economical to the farmer in terms of production of food. Provides improved health of the population and thereby reduces the economic burden. GE Saves the wild animals. - Disadvantages of Genetically Modified Food Environmental activists, religious organizations, public interest groups, professional associations and other scientists and government officials have all raised concerns about GM foods most concerns about GM foods fall into three categories: environmental hazards, human health risks, and economic concerns. Environmental hazards: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there is a very real risk of out-crossing, which refers to the transfer of engineered genes (transgenes) from genetically modified crops to conventional, cultivated plants or to related crop species in the wild. This may happen by means of wind, insect pollination, or other transfer. The foreign genes can cross with and contaminate these other species, resulting in a hybridization of the genetically modified crop plant with a non-GMO plant. This could radically alter entire ecosystems if the hybrid plants thrived. Out-crossing can also have an indirect effect on food safety and security, as the contaminated species make their way into the food chain. Human health risks: Perhaps the number one health concern over GM technology is its  capacity to create new allergens  in our food supply. Allergic reactions typically are brought on by proteins. Nearly every transfer of genetic material from one host into a new one results in the creation of novel proteins. Genetic engineering can increase the levels of a naturally occurring allergen already present in a food or insert allergenic properties into a food that did not previously contain them. Foreign genetic material in a host can cause other genetic material in that host to behave erratically. One consequence of over expression, for example, can be cancer. Nutritional problems can also result from the transfer.. GM crops have been linked to health problems as diverse as reproductive damage, cancer, Alzheimer’s disease and diabetes. GMO is not supported by many institutions Economic concerns: Bringing a GM food to market is a lengthy and costly process, and of course agro-biotech companies wish to ensure a profitable return on their investment. Many new plant genetic engineering technologies and GM plants have been patented, and patent infringement is a big concern of agribusiness. Yet consumer advocates are worried that patenting these new plant varieties will raise the price of seeds so high that small farmers and third world countries will not be able to afford seeds for GM crops, thus widening the gap between the wealthy and the poor. - - - - Conclusion Genetically modified food (GMF) will play an important factor in coming years for full filling the demand of increasing population of worlds as the food productions are not increasing as much as the population. In addition to that, GMF foods are more economical and full of nutrients covering the daily need of an individual which cannot be provide by naturally produced food Though, GMFs have faced some crisis by different institution. Though, we cannot deny it’s important as it can prove to be a life saving option for countries in Africa, which natives are facing malnutrition and protein deficiency. Therefore, GMOs should be seen as an alternative food rather than primary food category unless more research and development in this field is conducted. Bibliography 1. care2. com/greenliving/health-risks-of-eating-gmo-foods. html#ixzz2c2VlMEok 2. naturalnews. com/029869_GMOs_dangers. html#ixzz2c2TE1wcs 3. naturalnews. com/029869_GMOs_dangers. html#ixzz2c2Ss2Bp7 4. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Genetically_modified_food_controversies 5. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Genetically_modified_food

Colloquialism - Definition and Examples in English

Colloquialism s in English An informal expression that is more often used in casual conversation than in formal speech or writing. Colloquialisms are not  substandard or illiterate speech, says  Maity Schrecengost. Rather, they are idioms, conversational phrases, and informal speech patterns often common to a particular region or nationality. Not found everywhere,  colloquialisms are  words and phrases that we learn at home rather than at school (Writing Whizardry, 2010). Etymology:From the Latin, conversation Examples and Observations: Friends of the chancellor revealed that he had described Labour MPs as disappointing numpties, a colloquialism meaning idiots.(Neil Rafferty, Queen Opens a Pricey Piece of Scots History. The Sunday Times, Oct. 10, 2004)Latinas are in oppressive structures. We can fool ourselves, but wed still be getting dumped on.(Felix M. Padilla, The Struggle of Latino/Latina University Students. Psychology Press, 1997)Over and over, I would read her account of the turning point in her careerthe night she got her first standing ovation, hours after being dumped by her fiance because she wouldnt quit acting.(K.D. Miller, Standing Up Naked and Turning Around Very Slowly. Writers Talking, ed. by John Metcalf and Claire Wilkshire. Porcupines Quill, 2003)Anyway, the baby calf was standing right underneath its mother, just kind of walking around, and the mother cow took a dump on the baby calfs head.(Stephen Chbosky, The Perks of Being a Wallflower. Pocket Books, 1999)Informal Writing and Speech[O]ver th e last generation or so writing has become more informal than it ever was before. The area of highly formal writing has shrunk considerably; it is now confined to state papers, articles in learned publications, commencement addresses (and by no means all of those), legal documents, court decisions, and prefaces to dictionaries. Other writing has become quite hospitable to so-called colloquialisms; it has become more informal, more relaxed, more familiar, more casual.(Theodore Bernstein, The Careful Writer. Simon Schuster, 1995)Three types of commonly used casual language include slang, colloquialisms, and euphemisms. Slang is an informal nonstandard vocabulary, usually made up of arbitrarily changed words. A colloquialism is a local or regional informal dialect or expression. A euphemism substitutes an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. When our language is too casual, audiences might not be able to follow the main ideas of the speech, or they become confused or uncomfortable.(Cindy L. Griffin, Invitation to Public Speaking, 3rd ed. Wadsworth, Cengage, 2009) Advice on Using Colloquialisms in WritingIf you use a colloquialism or a slang word or phrase, simply use it; do not draw attention to it by enclosing it in quotation marks. To do so is to put on airs, as though you were inviting the reader to join you in a select society of those who know better.(William Strunk, Jr., and E.B. White, The Elements of Style, 4th ed. Longman, 1999)The Force of ColloquialismsSlang or colloquialismsas the boundaries are blurred these days it is hard to tell which is whichhas particularly potent force in describing mental or physical characteristics of our fellow man. Think of somebody who has got the bump, or is potty, or even randy, or saucy, or fly, or bent, or tasty (an adjective susceptible of more than one slang usage), or has become poleaxed, or flattened, or shafted, and one begins to realise how widespread such usages are.(Simon Heffer, Strictly English: The Correct Way to Write . . . and Why It Matters. Random House, 2011)Dated Colloquialisms (19 50s)U.S. colloquialisms evolve slowly. Jag, tops, dude stayed around for decades before they began to lose their freshness. But jazz lingo becomes obsolescent almost as fast as it reaches the public ear. A term of high approbation in the swing era was out of this world, in the bop era it was gone, and today it is the greatest or the end. Similarly, a daring performance was hot, then cool, and now is far out.(Far-Out Words for Cats. Time magazine, Nov. 8, 1954) The Lighter Side of ColloquialismsHoward Wolowitz  [on the phone]: Sweetie, uh, listen, I need to go, but Ill see you tonight? Bye-bye. Bye-bye. No, you hang up first. Hello?Raj Koothrappali: Dude, Im glad you finally got a girlfriend, but do you have to do that lovey-dovey stuff in front of those of us who dont?Sheldon Cooper: Actually, he might have to. Theres an economic concept known as a positional good, in which an object is only valued by the possessor because its not possessed by others. The term was coined in 1976 by economist Fred Hirsch to replace the more colloquial but less precise neener-neener.(Simon Helberg,  Kunal Nayyar, and Jim Parsons in The Large Hadron Collision. The Big Bang Theory, 2010)

What is ICD-10 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

What is ICD-10 - Research Paper Example Each category includes a set of related diseases or health conditions. Buechner (2002) states that there are over 120,000 codes available in ICD-10. ICD-10 is actually a diagnostic code set that interprets the signs, symptoms, diagnosis of diseases, abnormalities and other health conditions from words to codes which are used to store, retrieve and analyze the data later on (World Health Organization, 2004, p. 3). It was originally meant for the statistical classification of mortality rate recorded at the time of death registration. Afterwards, it played its role in compilation of morbidity statistics as well. ICD-10 was published in 1992 and has been in use in WHO Member States since 1994 after getting approved by the forty-third World Health Assembly in 1990. ICD-10 was published when the need for a stable and flexible classification system was felt that would not require revisions for many years. The Federal agency, the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) in the United States, holds the responsibility for the maintenance of ICD-10. WHO has approved the expansion of versions of ICD-10 to be used in the United States for typical government reasons. All amendments to be done to the ICD-10 must obey the rules laid down by WHO conferences for the ICD. ICD-10-CM is the clinical modification of ICD-10 and is referred to as a new diagnosis coding system that has replaced volumes 1 & 2 of ICD-9-CM. it was developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; while, the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) holds the responsibility to maintain this clinical modification coding. According to AHIMA (2009), it is a morbidity classification system that classifies the diagnoses of diseases along with other reasons for healthcare encounters. Health conditions are given alphanumeric codes comprising of 3-7 digits. The clinical modification contains features that give

Arguments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Arguments - Essay Example The beaches in San Diego are beautiful and famous, and the city has several other attractions such as zoo, wild Animal Park, Sea World, and Balboa Park with all the museums. Similarly, this beautiful city is distinguished for the availability of world-class goods and services, and it is one of the richest and safest cities in the United States. It is important to realize that Forbes magazine has rated San Diego as the fifth-wealthiest city in the United States and the 9th safest city in the top 10 list of safest cities in the nation. (Clemence) The city was also rated in 2006 as the fifth-best place to live in the United States, and there are several favorable conditions for happy and peaceful living in the city, including the weather, the beaches, opportunities for cultural events, availability of world-class goods and services, etc. Therefore, it is indubitable to claim that San Diego is a great place to live in. In a reflective analysis of the favorable conditions to live in San D iego, it becomes evident that the city is blessed with comfortable weather, the beaches, opportunities for cultural events, etc. The weather of the city, which is comfortable year round, is the most important reason to claim that it is a great location for happy living.

Strategic Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Strategic Management - Assignment Example The price-based strategy is further divided into two strategies, one is the no frill strategy and the next is low price strategy. The ‘no frill’ strategy is a combination of low price, a low perceived product and also services and focus on the price sensitive segment. In the case of low price strategy, it seeks to achieve lower price as compared to its competitors and at the same time try to maintain a similar product to those of that of its competitors. If a business unit decides to achieve a competitive advantage through a low price strategy, it gets an option of two choices, firstly to identify and focus on a segment which is unattractive in the eyes of the competitors and in a way avoid the competition and secondly competition based on pricing. The next strategic choice is the differentiation strategy which aims to provide products the offers which tends to benefits differently from that of its competitors and which is valued by its customers. The main aim is to achieve a competitive advantage by adopting the differentiation approach. Differentiation approach can be attained either through hybrid strategy or focus strategy. In hybrid strategy, the firm simultaneously seeks to achieve differentiation and also a price lower than its competitors. In focus strategy, it tends to provide a high perceived product which benefits a premium price for a niche market segment (Johnson 2008, p. 245-251). Toyota the largest manufacturing company in the world has adopted the hybrid strategy.

What humans need to survive

What humans need to survive While doing research for this paper I learned a lot about myself that you will not necessarily know about. For this assignment I had to dig deeper to fine answers and be able to give feedback on my findings. I discovered what the world depends on and how the hierarchy of needs are evident in our everyday lives. This project clearly explains my opinions on the human needs and wellbeing of the world and myself. Many questions are asked and answered from many perspectives, including my own. In this project, it explains mostly about the needs of people and how designers have influenced these needs to meet the needs of humans. I researched the shopping trolley and interesting facts about the shopping trolley and how it is a metaphor for my life and myself. I mention the world and myself on how we as humans have a status that we have to maintain, and a style and taste that comes with it. INTRODUCTION: In this research paper I will discuss what humans in this world need in order to survive. As a designer I will look at how the designers hierarchy of needs satisfies problems we as humans face on a daily basis. We as designers need to be able tackle a problem and find a rational solution. I will also discuss how we as designers meet the needs of humans across the globe, as well as the history of the trolley. In our everyday life, humans all have a very different personal perception about certain things, for example taste and style and status. All humans have different opinions on these topics and throughout my research paper I will explore all these opinions as well as my own. I will also discuss my perception of this project and how it has opened my mind to different things as well as learn certain things about myself I did not know. Aim: To consider other people, their needs and wellbeing, understanding the role of designers in relation to needs and the world, understanding the effects of psychology branding and media manipulation in design and to explore the phenomena of taste and status in the world. Scope: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ What do we need to survive? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Are designers meeting these needs? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ What is the effect of design on human needs? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ How did the shopping trolley come into existence? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Who designed it? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Why does the trolley look the way it does? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ What else is the trolley used for, other human needs? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Is taste a personal perception? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ What constitute style? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Why do people crave status? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ What is your perception/view about the above questions/ discovery? What do we need to survive? From looking at Maslows ideas as well as many of my own I have come to a conclusion of what I need in my everyday li8fe in order to survive. These are the things that I need for my survival on every level of the Maslow pyramid in both the needs of a person and a designers needs. Breathing, food, water, sleep, homeostasis, excretion, internet, coffee, cigarettes, money, petrol, shelter, electricity, car, TV, inspiration, phone, friends, family, safety of employment, resources, morality, health, property, no crime, insurance, love, knowing myself, caring for other people, being a good person, self-esteem, self-confidence, a sense of achievement, self-respect, creativity, spontaneity, problem solving, lack of prejudice, acceptance of facts and happiness and individuality. Are designers meeting these needs? Designers have a role in society to make things usable, colourful, attractive to the naked eye, to create value, beauty, new possibilities, empower people to do more and be better. I believe that designers do meet these needs. That is one of the many reasons that marketing and advertising is so influential and why people give into advertisements so easily. Designers make things look enticing and very appealing. Using neuromarketing and propaganda designers get hold of the viewers senses making the product irresistible and a must have in the viewers eyes. Designers do indeed meet these needs as we are always satisfied with our needs and the presentation of these needs. What is the effect of design on human needs? The effect of design on human needs, makes life for human a lot easier by creating different product that can help those certain needs; this can help people with achieving and bettering their needs. This allows people to understand and help others meet their own needs and design effect human needs drastically because it creates opportunities for people and helps them understand that they needs can be meet but they need to be willing to achieve they needs in many ways. For example designers play with our senses, our insecurities and our minds. An alarm system is only pleasing because it plays on our insecurities as South Africans that there is crime and this might stop it from affecting us. Many products are generally picked by the most exciting packaging and the most popular branding, like clothing and many other products we buy on a regular basis without really giving it any thought at all. Even food is judged for its quality by its name brand and its packaging. How did the shopping trolley come into existence? The shopping trolley is a cart supplied by a shop, usually a super market such as Pick n Pay or Checkers, for customers to put the items they wish to purchase in. this helps them to not have to juggle all their items in their hands. The first shopping trolley was introduced in June 1937 by Sylvan Goldman who was an owner of the Piggly Wiggly supermarket chain in Oklahoma City. Goldman saw the need for a way for his customers to move around more groceries which lead to him developing the idea of the trolley. Since Goldmans first idea of the shopping cart others have progressed it to better suit society. Goldmans first idea of how the shopping trolley should look was a wooden folding chair, a basket on the seat and wheels on the legs. Goldman and one of his employees, Fred Young, began to better the invention which lead to a metal frame that held two wire baskets. Others have tried to better Goldmans invention however have not succeeded. Goldman became a multimillionaire with this idea and continued to modify it such as making it bigger and better. (Unknown Author, 24 April 2007) Who designed it? In 1936 a man by the name of Sylvan Goldman designed the trolley with help from a friend of his, named Fred Young, he was a mechanic, there was another shopping trolley invention at that time and it was invented by. (Unknown Author, 24 April 2007) Why does it look the way it does? Most trollies in society today are made of metal or a combination of metals and plastic.(Unknown Author, 24 April 2007) They also come in many shapes and sizes. Designers have made modifications over the years to suit a variety of different customers. For example some shopping carts have been designed to carry a child. You also now get electric mobility scooters with baskets designed for the elderly or disabled. Due to the fact that children have been injured while in a shopping trolley some have been made with seats that resemble those of a car seat that a child can be strapped into. This enlarges the usage as it can carry your child and your groceries, leaving your arms free to shop. A trolley usually has for wheels and typically the two in front are swivel wheels in order to make pushing the trolley around easier. This helps to turn the trolley in the direction of your choice. What else is the trolley used for, other human needs? The trolley is used in the physiological need and people need food and the collection of food is done in a trolley, people use them to carry items for example a hobo, uses it to carry all of his personal belongings for his that trolley fulfils a basic need. Trollies are used for recreational uses, as a racing car, a trolley is changed into a car that can be pushed down hills, for some people that fulfils a basic need of exercise and entertainment Is taste a personal perception? Taste can be seen in two completely different ways. Taste is when you taste food but taste is also your personal taste in anything physical. Fashion is a good example of someones taste. I believe taste is a personal perception because everyone sees things differently and thinks different looks and styles are attractive and exciting. What constitutes style? Style is someones own personal funk and style mixed with their personality. It is the look and feel of a person and how they act and react to different situations. Why do people crave status? All people in the world wish or believe to be better than the person next to them, so we as human beings all crave status in some way or form. There are many types of status which are: luxury good we all think we need better cars, or the most expensive brand or the most expensive watch or anything that is top class luxury, we are falling into the trap of the status seeker. When you feel better than everyone else- depends on where you come from, people that believe they are tough and give off that whole style that is a status. There are many was that can be defined as a status these are the most that people feel, the way they feel and the way they act determined they status. What are my perceptions on the above questions? While answering these questions, I realised that many people have many different perceptions, I also realized that people disregard individuality, but it is individuality that drives design and creation of new ideas. Although we all have some needs in common which can be regarded as basic needs for humans. We also have other needs which may be very important to one person and not very important to another. My discoveries: I discovered many things on my journey through this assignment. Every person has their own views and personality which creates individuality. This makes them the person they are and we must respect each others differences because although we have the same basic needs these are still interchangeable from person to person. Each person is completely different to the next as a result of many factors including nature and nurture. Furthermore, designers are very influential in the world we live in today and help to make our needs more appealing and they help to create some new needs for us as well. Designers do their job outstandingly. I also learned to think outside the box which is very necessary as a designer to open up creativity. Indeed, it can be seen that I am much like a trolley in the way that trolleys have changed their look and even their shape over time much like I have grown and changed as years of my life have passed since my birth. I will continue to change and expand my knowledge and possibilities much like the trolley has and will continue to do. I am who I am because of many factors including nature and nurture and these factors will continue to mould me for the rest of my life. I will move around and help people carry their burdens and I will continue to try and help people in the best way that I can. Conclusion In conclusion to this project I have found out that many people have excluded Maslows hierarchy of needs and have rather switched from the basic needs to the more material objects. Designers have made it possible for us to use our needs to the best of our advantage and use them to help us, for example they have design a transport system, this allows us to get financial stability and they have created stable houses which allowed us to live in good houses and have shelter.